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Automated SEM/EDS analysis for assessment of trace cross-contamination in 316L stainless steel powders
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Balart, MarÍa J., Hao, Xinjiang and Davis, Claire (2022) Automated SEM/EDS analysis for assessment of trace cross-contamination in 316L stainless steel powders. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science, 53 . pp. 345-358. doi:10.1007/s11661-021-06474-4 ISSN 1073-5623.
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WRAP-automated-SEM-EDS-analysis-assessment-trace-cross-contamination-316L-stainless-steel-powders-2021.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (4Mb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06474-4
Abstract
Following observations of microcracking in two, out of three, Additive manufactured (AM) 316L steel samples, an investigation was undertaken to ascertain the root cause. Welding diagrams, taking into account composition and process parameters, could not generally account for the experimental observations of non-cracked versus cracked AM 316L samples. EBSD phase maps in all three AM samples exhibited a fully austenitic microstructure not only in the bulk sample but also near-surface. Analysis of microcracked regions in the AM samples showed the presence of local enrichment of Ni, Cu and P. Automated SEM/EDS analysis on feedstock powder samples prepared for cross-section examination revealed a fine, foreign particulate contaminant, expected to arise from NiCrCuP alloy cross-contamination during atomization, to be completely embedded in a 316L powder particle. This type of contamination would not have been revealed on examination of powder mounted onto a SEM stub, a common approach to assess powder quality. Based on this analysis, it is recommended to consider including automated SEM/EDS analysis on powder cross-sections in any standardization protocol for quality control of powders, to increase the chances of detection and identification of fine cross-contaminants. It is also recommended that atomization of NiCrCuP alloy should no longer precede atomization of 316L alloy.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy T Technology > TS Manufactures |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Additive manufacturing , Stainless steel , Stainless steel -- Fatigue, Stainless steel -- Welding , Powder metallurgy | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Springer New York LLC | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1073-5623 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | February 2022 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 53 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 345-358 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11661-021-06474-4 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 11 January 2022 | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 12 January 2022 | ||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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