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Evidence that regulation of intramembrane proteolysis is mediated by substrate gating during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis
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Kearns, Daniel B., Ramírez-Guadiana, Fernando H., Rodrigues, Christopher D.A., Marquis, Kathleen A., Campo, Nathalie, Barajas-Ornelas, Rocío del Carmen, Brock, Kelly, Marks, Debora S., Kruse, Andrew C. and Rudner, David Z. (2018) Evidence that regulation of intramembrane proteolysis is mediated by substrate gating during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. PLoS Genetics, 14 (11). e1007753. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007753 ISSN 1553-7404.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007753
Abstract
During the morphological process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis two adjacent daughter cells (called the mother cell and forespore) follow different programs of gene expression that are linked to each other by signal transduction pathways. At a late stage in development, a signaling pathway emanating from the forespore triggers the proteolytic activation of the mother cell transcription factor σK. Cleavage of pro-σK to its mature and active form is catalyzed by the intramembrane cleaving metalloprotease SpoIVFB (B), a Site-2 Protease (S2P) family member. B is held inactive by two mother-cell membrane proteins SpoIVFA (A) and BofA. Activation of pro-σK processing requires a site-1 signaling protease SpoIVB (IVB) that is secreted from the forespore into the space between the two cells. IVB cleaves the extracellular domain of A but how this cleavage activates intramembrane proteolysis has remained unclear. Structural studies of the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii S2P homolog identified closed (substrate-occluded) and open (substrate-accessible) conformations of the protease, but the biological relevance of these conformations has not been established. Here, using co-immunoprecipitation and fluorescence microscopy, we show that stable association between the membrane-embedded protease and its substrate requires IVB signaling. We further show that the cytoplasmic cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) domain of the B protease is not critical for this interaction or for pro-σK processing, suggesting the IVB-dependent interaction site is in the membrane protease domain. Finally, we provide evidence that the B protease domain adopts both open and closed conformations in vivo. Collectively, our data support a substrate-gating model in which IVB-dependent cleavage of A on one side of the membrane triggers a conformational change in the membrane-embedded protease from a closed to an open state allowing pro-σK access to the caged interior of the protease.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) | ||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | PLoS Genetics | ||||||
Publisher: | Public Library of Science | ||||||
ISSN: | 1553-7404 | ||||||
Official Date: | 7 November 2018 | ||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 14 | ||||||
Number: | 11 | ||||||
Article Number: | e1007753 | ||||||
DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007753 | ||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) |
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