Lyman, J. D., Levan, A. J., Wiersema, Klaas, Kouveliotou, C., Chrimes, A. A. and Fruchter, A. S. (2022) The fast radio burst-emitting magnetar SGR 1935+2154 – proper motion and variability from long-term Hubble Space Telescope monitoring. The Astrophysical Journal, 926 (2). 121. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac432f ISSN 0004-637X.

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Abstract

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared (NIR) observations of the magnetar SGR 1935+2154 from June 2021, approximately 6 years after the first HST observations, a year after the discovery of fast radio burst like emission from the source, and in a period of exceptional high frequency activity. Although not directly taken during a bursting period the counterpart is a factor of ∼ 1.5 to 2.5 brighter than seen at previous epochs with F140W(AB) = 24.65 ± 0.02 mag. We do not detect significant variations of the NIR counterpart within the course of any one orbit (i.e. on minutes–hour timescales), and contemporaneous X-ray observations show SGR 1935+2154 to be at the quiescent level. With a time baseline of 6 years from the first identification of the counter-part we place stringent limits on the proper motion of the source, with a measured proper motion of μ = 3.1 ±1.5 mas yr−1. The direction of proper motion indicates an origin of SGR 1935+2154 very close to the geometric centre of SNR G57.2+08, further strengthening their association. At an adopted distance of 6.6 ±0.7 kpc, the corresponding tangential space velocity is νT = 97 ±48 km s−1 (corrected
for differential Galactic rotation and peculiar Solar motion), although its formal statistical determination may be compromised owing to few epochs of observation. The current velocity estimate places it at the low end of the kick distribution for pulsars, and makes it among the lowest known magnetar kicks. When collating the few-magnetar kick constraints available, we find full consistency between the magnetar kick distribution and the much larger pulsar kick sample.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft), Magnetars , Gamma rays, Neutron stars , Radio astronomy , Solar radio bursts, Astrometry
Journal or Publication Title:	The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher:	Institute of Physics Publishing, Inc.
ISSN:	0004-637X
Official Date:	17 February 2022
Dates:	Date Event 17 February 2022 Published 13 December 2021 Available 10 December 2021 Accepted
Volume:	926
Number:	2
Article Number:	121
DOI:	10.3847/1538-4357/ac432f
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	7 March 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access:	7 March 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID MR/T020784/1 UK Research and Innovation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014013 725246 Seventh Framework Programme http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011102 MR/T044136/1 UK Research and Innovation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014013
Open Access Version:	ArXiv

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