Dwomoh, Duah, Sewor, Christian, Mohammed, Seidu Awal, Annim, Samuel, Stranges, Saverio, Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin and Amegah, A. Kofi (2022) Secular trends in low birth weight and child undernutrition in West Africa : evidence from complex nationwide surveys, 1985–2019. Public Health Nutrition, 25 (9). pp. 2358-2370. doi:10.1017/S1368980022000155 ISSN 1368-9800.

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Abstract

Objective:
We present prevalence estimates and secular trends of stunting, wasting, underweight, and anaemia among children under 5 years of age and low birth weight (LBW) over the period 1985–2019 in West Africa (WA).

Design:
Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and World Bank data. DerSimonian–Laird random effect model with the Knapp–Hartung adjustment to the standard error was used to derive overall prevalence estimates. We used fixed effect ordinary least square regression models with cluster robust standard error to conduct time trends analyses.

Setting:
West Africa.

Participants:
Children aged 0 to 59 months.

Results:
Three distinct periods (1986–1990, 1993–1996 and 1997–2000) of sharp increases in prevalence of all outcomes was observed. After the year 2000, prevalence of all outcomes except LBW started to decline with some fluctuations. LBW prevalence showed a steady increase after 2000. We observed a decline in prevalence of stunting (β = –0·20 %; 95 % CI –0·43 %, 0·03 %), log-wasting (β = –0·02 %; 95 % CI –0·02 %, –0·01 %), log-underweight (β = –0·02 %; 95 % CI –0·03 %, –0·01 %) anaemia (β = –0·44; 95 % CI –0·55 %, –0·34 %), and an increase in LBW (β = 0·06 %; 95 % CI –0·10 %, 0·22 %) in WA over the period. Pooled prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, anaemia and LBW in WA for the period 1985–2019 was 26·1 %, 16·4 %, 22·7 %, 76·2 % and 11·3 %, respectively.

Conclusions:
Child undernutrition prevalence varied greatly between countries and the year cohorts. We observed marginal reductions in prevalence of all outcomes except anaemia where the reductions were quite striking and LBW where an increase was noted. There is the need for more rigorous and sustained targeted interventions in WA.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Birth weight, Low , Birth weight, Low -- Health aspects -- Africa, West, Malnutrition in infants, Malnutrition in infants -- Africa, West, Malnutrition in children , Malnutrition in children -- Africa, West
Journal or Publication Title:	Public Health Nutrition
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISSN:	1368-9800
Official Date:	September 2022
Dates:	Date Event September 2022 Published 18 January 2022 Available 13 January 2022 Accepted 17 February 2021 Submitted
Volume:	25
Number:	9
Number of Pages:	13
Page Range:	pp. 2358-2370
DOI:	10.1017/S1368980022000155
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	29 March 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access:	30 March 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:	Project/Grant ID RIOXX Funder Name Funder ID GCA/MNCH/round6/036 African Academy of Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011858

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