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Understanding the limitations of lithium ion batteries at high rates
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Lain, Michael J. and Kendrick, Emma (2021) Understanding the limitations of lithium ion batteries at high rates. Journal of Power Sources, 493 . 229690. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229690 ISSN 0378-7753.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229690
Abstract
Commercial lithium ion cells with different power: energy ratios were disassembled, to allow the electrochemical performance of their electrodes to be evaluated. Tests on coin cell half cells included rate tests (continuous and pulsed), resistance measurements, and extended pulse tests. Pulse power tests at high rates typically showed three limiting processes within a 10 s pulse; an instantaneous resistance increase, a solid state diffusion limited stage, and then electrolyte depletion/saturation. On anodes, the third process can also be lithium plating. Most of the cells were rated for a 10 C continuous discharge, and the cathode charging voltage at 10 C was around 4.2 V. For anodes, the maximum charge current to avoid a negative voltage was 3–5 C. Negative anode voltages do not necessarily mean that lithium plating has occurred. However, lithium deposits were observed on all the anodes after 5000 pulse sequences with 10 s pulses at ± 20 C.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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Subjects: | T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering | ||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Lithium ion batteries, Hybrid electric vehicles, Lithium ion batteries -- Storage | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Power Sources | ||||||||
Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||||||
ISSN: | 0378-7753 | ||||||||
Official Date: | May 2021 | ||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 493 | ||||||||
Article Number: | 229690 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229690 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 14 March 2022 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 14 March 2022 | ||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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