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Transit timings variations in the three-planet system : TOI-270

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Kaye, Laurel, Vissapragada, Shreyas, Gunther, Maximilian N., Aigrain, Suzanne, Mikal-Evans, Thomas, Jensen, Eric L. N., Parviainen, Hannu, Pozuelos, Francisco J., Abe, Lyu, Acton, Jack S. et al.
(2021) Transit timings variations in the three-planet system : TOI-270. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510 (4). pp. 5464-5485. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3483 ISSN 0035-8711.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3483

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Abstract

We present ground- and space-based photometric observations of TOI-270 (L231-32), a system of three transiting planets consisting of one super-Earth and two sub-Neptunes discovered by TESS around a bright (K-mag = 8.25) M3V dwarf. The planets orbit near low-order mean-motion resonances (5:3 and 2:1) and are thus expected to exhibit large transit timing variations (TTVs). Following an extensive observing campaign using eight different observatories between 2018 and 2020, we now report a clear detection of TTVs for planets c and d, with amplitudes of ∼10 min and a super-period of ∼3 yr, as well as significantly refined estimates of the radii and mean orbital periods of all three planets. Dynamical modelling of the TTVs alone puts strong constraints on the mass ratio of planets c and d and on their eccentricities. When incorporating recently published constraints from radial velocity observations, we obtain masses of Mb=1.48±0.18M⊕⁠, Mc=6.20±0.31M⊕⁠, and Md=4.20±0.16M⊕ for planets b, c, and d, respectively. We also detect small but significant eccentricities for all three planets : eb = 0.0167 ± 0.0084, ec = 0.0044 ± 0.0006, and ed = 0.0066 ± 0.0020. Our findings imply an Earth-like rocky composition for the inner planet, and Earth-like cores with an additional He/H2O atmosphere for the outer two. TOI-270 is now one of the best constrained systems of small transiting planets, and it remains an excellent target for atmospheric characterization.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Extrasolar planets, Extrasolar planets -- Detection , Astronomical photometry , Planets -- Brightness, Transits
Journal or Publication Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Publisher: Wiley
ISSN: 0035-8711
Official Date: 6 December 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
6 December 2021Published
23 November 2021Accepted
30 March 2021Submitted
Volume: 510
Number: 4
Page Range: pp. 5464-5485
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3483
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Copyright Holders: The Authors
Date of first compliant deposit: 4 April 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 4 April 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
803193/BEBOP[ERC] Horizon 2020 Framework Programmehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661
ST/S00193X/1Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
ST/R00384X/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
ST/T000406/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
UNSPECIFIEDClarendon FundUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
UNSPECIFIEDPaul and Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americanshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006063
Juan Carlos Torres FellowMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Researchhttp://viaf.org/viaf/4619159279145808160000
Kavli FellowMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Researchhttp://viaf.org/viaf/4619159279145808160000
80NSSC19K1727 [NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administrationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104
18-2XRP182-0136[NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administrationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104
1201371[FONDECYT] Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológicohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002850
Basal AFB-170002[CONICYT] Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológicahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002848
Doctorado Nacional-21191829[CONICYT] Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológicahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002848
RA 714/13-1[DFG] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
ST/L000733/1 [STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
ST/P000495/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
ST/R003726/1[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271

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