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‘You can't walk through water without getting wet’ UK nurses’ distress and psychological health needs during the Covid-19 pandemic : a longitudinal interview study
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Maben, J., Conolly, A., Abrams, R., Rowland, E., Harris, R., Kelly, D., Kent, B. and Couper, Keith (2022) ‘You can't walk through water without getting wet’ UK nurses’ distress and psychological health needs during the Covid-19 pandemic : a longitudinal interview study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 131 . 104242. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104242 ISSN 0020-7489.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104242
Abstract
Background:
Pre-COVID-19 research highlighted the nursing profession worldwide as being at high risk from symptoms of burnout, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on 11th March 2020 due to the sustained risk of further global spread of COVID-19. The high healthcare burden associated with COVID-19 has increased nurses’ trauma and workload, thereby exacerbating pressure on an already strained workforce and causing additional psychological distress for staff.
Objectives:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Nurses (ICON) interview study examined the impacts of the pandemic on frontline nursing staff's psychosocial and emotional wellbeing.
Design:
Longitudinal qualitative interview study.
Settings:
Nurses who had completed time 1 and 2 of the ICON survey were sampled to include a range of UK work settings including acute, primary and community care and care homes. Interviewees were purposively sampled for maximum variation to cover a broad range of personal and professional factors, and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, including redeployment.
Methods:
Nurses participated in qualitative in-depth narrative interviews after the first wave of COVID-19 in July 2020 (n=27) and again at the beginning of the second wave in December 2020 (n=25) via video and audio platform software. Rigorous qualitative narrative analysis was undertaken both cross-sectionally (within wave) and longitudinally (cross wave) to explore issues of consistency and change.
Results:
The terms moral distress, compassion fatigue, burnout and PTSD describe the emotional states reported by the majority of interviewees leading many to consider leaving the profession. Causes of this identified included care delivery challenges; insufficient staff and training; PPE challenges and frustrations. Four themes were identified: (1) ‘Deathscapes’ and impoverished care (2) Systemic challenges and self-preservation (3) Emotional exhaustion and (4) (Un)helpful support.
Conclusions:
Nurses have been deeply affected by what they have experienced and are forever altered with the impacts of COVID-19 persisting and deeply felt. There is an urgent need to tackle stigma to create a psychologically safe working environment and for a national COVID-19 nursing workforce recovery strategy to help restore nurse's well-being and demonstrate a valuing of the nursing workforce and therefore support retention.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||
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| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology H Social Sciences > HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine R Medicine > RT Nursing |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-, COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- -- Psychological aspects, Nurses and nursing -- Psychological aspects, Nurses -- Job stress, Nurses -- Mental health, Longitudinal method, Post-traumatic stress disorder, Burn out (Psychology), Suicide | |||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | International Journal of Nursing Studies | |||||||||
| Publisher: | Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd. | |||||||||
| ISSN: | 0020-7489 | |||||||||
| Official Date: | July 2022 | |||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 131 | |||||||||
| Article Number: | 104242 | |||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104242 | |||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 April 2022 | |||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 18 May 2022 | |||||||||
| RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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