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Development and evaluation of novel polymeric engine oil additives - synthesis of viscosity modifiers and dispersants using CCTP, FRP and post-polymerisation modification
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Patias, Georgios (2021) Development and evaluation of novel polymeric engine oil additives - synthesis of viscosity modifiers and dispersants using CCTP, FRP and post-polymerisation modification. PhD thesis, University of Warwick.
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Official URL: http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b3763756
Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to further develop the sustainability of amphiphilic polymeric dispersants and test their mechanical and physical properties for potential commercial applications. Every step in the manufacturing process of the polymeric dispersants has been altered or improved.
The synthesis of new hydrophobic cobaloximes was investigated in Chapter 2 and tested in the catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP) of methacrylic monomers with long ester chains. The high hydrophobicity of the new catalysts allowed their solubility in mineral oil, a mixture of higher alkanes, which is the main solvent for engine oils. The waste of solvents to synthesise the polymers and then purify them has been bypassed by preparing the product in the latest solvent used in the potential application. Moreover, the catalytic chain transfer activity of a wide range of cobaloximes, including the newly made ones, has been investigated under different conditions. Important parameters including temperatures, solvents and monomers have been altered and the efficiency of cobaloximes was compared.
In the next part of this thesis, the synthesis of block copolymers using monomers of different categories and hydrophobicity was explored. The free radical polymerisation of methacrylates, acrylates and ethylene was examined in the presence of polymers with vinyl ω-end groups made via CCTP. The effect of the molecular weight of the macromonomer in the free radical polymerisation of each monomer was investigated under different conditions in Chapters 3.
Finally, post polymerisation modification of hydrophobic polymers with vinyl ω-end groups was examined in Chapter 4. Various primary and secondary amines were tested for the aza-Michael addition using a microwave reactor and an oil bath. The effects of the presence of a catalyst, temperature and energy source were investigated, and the optimum conditions were found. The mechanical and physical properties of these new modified materials were then tested and compared.
Item Type: | Thesis (PhD) | ||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Dispersing agents, Cobaloximes, Catalyst transfer polycondensation, Addition polymerization, Emulsion polymerization, Surface active agents, Solvents | ||||
Official Date: | August 2021 | ||||
Dates: |
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Institution: | University of Warwick | ||||
Theses Department: | Department of Chemistry | ||||
Thesis Type: | PhD | ||||
Publication Status: | Unpublished | ||||
Supervisor(s)/Advisor: | Haddleton, David M. | ||||
Sponsors: | University of Warwick ; Lubrizol Corporation | ||||
Format of File: | |||||
Extent: | xxiv, 254 leaves : illustrations | ||||
Language: | eng |
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