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Predicting while comprehending language : a theory and review
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Pickering, Martin J. and Gambi, Chiara (2018) Predicting while comprehending language : a theory and review. Psychological Bulletin, 144 (10). pp. 1002-1044. doi:10.1037/bul0000158 ISSN 0033-2909.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000158
Abstract
Researchers agree that comprehenders regularly predict upcoming language, but they do not always agree on what prediction is (and how to differentiate it from integration) or what constitutes evidence for it. After defining prediction, we show that it occurs at all linguistic levels from semantics to form, and then propose a theory of which mechanisms comprehenders use to predict. We argue that they most effectively predict using their production system (i.e., prediction-by-production): They covertly imitate the linguistic form of the speaker's utterance and construct a representation of the underlying communicative intention. Comprehenders can then run this intention through their own production system to prepare the predicted utterance. But doing so takes time and resources, and comprehenders vary in the extent of preparation, with many groups of comprehenders (non-native speakers, illiterates, children, and older adults) using it less than typical native young adults. We thus argue that prediction-by-production is an optional mechanism, which is augmented by mechanisms based on association. Support for our proposal comes from many areas of research (electrophysiological, eye-tracking, and behavioral studies of reading, spoken language processing in the context of visual environments, speech processing, and dialogue).
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Psychology | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Psychological Bulletin | ||||
| Publisher: | American Psychological Association | ||||
| ISSN: | 0033-2909 | ||||
| Official Date: | October 2018 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 144 | ||||
| Number: | 10 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 1002-1044 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1037/bul0000158 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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