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Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis
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Quinnell, Rupert J. and Courtenay, Orin (2009) Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology, Vol.136 (No.14). pp. 1915-1934. doi:10.1017/S0031182009991156 ISSN 0031-1820.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182009991156
Abstract
Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, Such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American Studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QL Zoology | ||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010) | ||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Leishmaniasis -- Transmission, Host-parasite relationships, Dogs -- Diseases | ||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Parasitology | ||||
Publisher: | Cambridge University Press | ||||
ISSN: | 0031-1820 | ||||
Official Date: | December 2009 | ||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | Vol.136 | ||||
Number: | No.14 | ||||
Number of Pages: | 20 | ||||
Page Range: | pp. 1915-1934 | ||||
DOI: | 10.1017/S0031182009991156 | ||||
Status: | Not Peer Reviewed | ||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||
Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 December 2015 | ||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 8 December 2015 | ||||
Funder: | Wellcome Trust (London, England) | ||||
Title of Event: | British-Society-for-Parasitology Symposium on Transmission Cycles in Protozoan Parasites | ||||
Type of Event: | Conference | ||||
Location of Event: | ENGLAND | ||||
Date(s) of Event: | NOV 14, 2008 |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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