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The warm Neptune GJ 3470b has a polar orbit

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Stefànsson, Guđmundur, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Petrovich, Cristobal, Winn, Joshua N., Kanodia, Shubham, Millholland, Sarah C., Maney, Marissa, Cañas, Caleb I., Wisniewski, John, Robertson, Paul et al.
(2022) The warm Neptune GJ 3470b has a polar orbit. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 931 (2). L15. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6e3c ISSN 2041-8213.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6e3c

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Abstract

The warm Neptune GJ 3470b transits a nearby (d = 29 pc) bright slowly rotating M1.5-dwarf star. Using spectroscopic observations during two transits with the newly commissioned NEID spectrometer on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory, we model the classical Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, yielding a sky-projected obliquity of λ=98−12+15◦ and a vsini=0.85−0.33+0.27kms−1 . Leveraging information about the rotation period and size of the host star, our analysis yields a true obliquity of ψ=95−8+9◦ , revealing that GJ 3470b is on a polar orbit. Using radial velocities from HIRES, HARPS, and the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, we show that the data are compatible with a long-term radial velocity (RV) slope of γ̇=−0.0022±0.0011ms−1day−1 over a baseline of 12.9 yr. If the RV slope is due to acceleration from another companion in the system, we show that such a companion is capable of explaining the polar and mildly eccentric orbit of GJ 3470b using two different secular excitation models. The existence of an outer companion can be further constrained with additional RV observations, Gaia astrometry, and future high-contrast imaging observations. Lastly, we show that tidal heating from GJ 3470b’s mild eccentricity has most likely inflated the radius of GJ 3470b by a factor of ∼1.5–1.7, which could help account for its evaporating atmosphere.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QB Astronomy
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Planets -- Orbits, Extrasolar planets, Planetary systems, Astronomical photometry
Journal or Publication Title: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Publisher: The American Astronomical Society
ISSN: 2041-8213
Official Date: 26 May 2022
Dates:
DateEvent
26 May 2022Published
28 April 2022Accepted
Volume: 931
Number: 2
Article Number: L15
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6e3c
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): ** From IOP Publishing via Jisc Publications Router ** History: received 30-10-2021; rev-recd 26-04-2022; accepted 28-04-2022; oa-requested 28-04-2022; epub 26-05-2022; open-access 26-05-2022; ppub 01-06-2022. ** Licence for this article: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Copyright Holders: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society
Date of first compliant deposit: 27 June 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 27 June 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
ICN12_009Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollohttps://www.anid.cl/
AFB-170002Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afineshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004974
FB210003Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollohttps://www.anid.cl/
1210425[FONDECYT] Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológicohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002850
PAI77200076Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollohttps://www.anid.cl/
UNSPECIFIEDCenter for Exoplanets and Habitable Worldshttps://exoplanets.psu.edu/
80NSSC18K1114[NASA] National Aeronautics and Space Administrationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000104
AST-1909506[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-190950[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-1910954[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-1907622[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
UNSPECIFIEDResearch Corporation for Science Advancementhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001309
AST-1006676[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-1126413[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-1310875[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-1310885[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
NNA09DA76ANASA Astrobiology Institutehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012627
2017-04945Heising-Simons Foundationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014155
AST-2108493[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-2108512[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-2108569[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
AST-2108801[NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
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