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Parenting and childhood obesity : validation of a new questionnaire and evaluation of treatment effects during the preschool years

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Apolzan, John W., Somaraki, Maria, Ek, Anna, Eli, Karin, Ljung, Sofia, Mildton, Veronica, Sandvik, Pernilla and Nowicka, Paulina (2021) Parenting and childhood obesity : validation of a new questionnaire and evaluation of treatment effects during the preschool years. PLoS One, 16 (9). e0257187. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257187 ISSN 1932-6203.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257187

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Abstract

Objectives
Parenting is an integral component of obesity treatment in early childhood. However, the link between specific parenting practices and treatment effectiveness remains unclear. This paper introduces and validates a new parenting questionnaire and evaluates mothers’ and fathers’ parenting practices in relation to child weight status during a 12-month childhood obesity treatment trial.

Methods
First, a merged school/clinical sample (n = 558, 82% mothers) was used for the factorial and construct validation of the new parenting questionnaire. Second, changes in parenting were evaluated using clinical data from the More and Less Study, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 174 children (mean age = 5 years, mean Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI SDS) = 3.0) comparing a parent support program (with and without booster sessions) and standard treatment. Data were collected at four time points over 12 months. We used linear mixed models and mediation models to investigate associations between changes in parenting practices and treatment effects.

Findings
The validation of the questionnaire (9 items; responses on a 5-point Likert scale) revealed two dimensions of parenting (Cronbach’s alpha ≥0.7): setting limits to the child and regulating one’s own emotions when interacting with the child, both of which correlated with feeding practices and parental self-efficacy. We administered the questionnaire to the RCT participants. Fathers in standard treatment increased their emotional regulation compared to fathers in the parenting program (p = 0.03). Mothers increased their limit-setting regardless of treatment allocation (p = 0.01). No treatment effect was found on child weight status through changes in parenting practices.

Conclusion
Taken together, the findings demonstrate that the new questionnaire assessing parenting practices proved valid in a 12-month childhood obesity trial. During treatment, paternal and maternal parenting practices followed different trajectories, though they did not mediate treatment effects on child weight status. Future research should address the pathways whereby maternal and paternal parenting practices affect treatment outcomes, such as child eating behaviors and weight status.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Children -- Nutrition, Parenting -- Health aspects, Diet therapy for children, Obesity in children
Journal or Publication Title: PLoS One
Publisher: Public Library of Science
ISSN: 1932-6203
Official Date: 23 September 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
23 September 2021Published
24 August 2021Accepted
14 September 2020Submitted
Volume: 16
Number: 9
Number of Pages: 24
Article Number: e0257187
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257187
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 13 June 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 14 June 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
2014-02404Vetenskapsrådethttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359
UNSPECIFIEDKarolinska Institutethttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004047
UNSPECIFIEDSvenska Läkaresällskapethttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007687
2011-03443Vinnovahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001858
UNSPECIFIEDStiftelsen Sven Jerrings Fondhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007373
UNSPECIFIEDStiftelsen Samaritenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008352
UNSPECIFIEDMagnus Bergvalls Stiftelsehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006285
UNSPECIFIEDFredrik och Ingrid Thurings Stiftelsehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003186
UNSPECIFIEDHelge Ax:son Johnsons Stiftelsehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003788
UNSPECIFIEDH.K.H. Kronprinsessan Lovisas Förening för Barnasjukvårdhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009757
UNSPECIFIEDStiftelsen Frimurare Barnhuset i Stockholmhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006741
UNSPECIFIEDMartin Rinds Stiftelsehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010664
UNSPECIFIEDJane och Dan Olssons Stiftelsehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013491
UNSPECIFIEDStiftelsen Sigurd and Elsa Goljes Minnehttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007508
UNSPECIFIEDiShizu Matsumurais DonationUNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIEDFoundation Pediatric CareUNSPECIFIED

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