The Library
Tailoring electromechanical properties of natural rubber vitrimers by cross-linkers
Tools
Bui, Khoa, Wemyss, Alan M., Zhang, Runan, Nguyen, Giao T. M., Vancaeyzeele, Cedric, Vidal, Frederic, Plesse, Cedric and Wan, Chaoying (2022) Tailoring electromechanical properties of natural rubber vitrimers by cross-linkers. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 61 (25). pp. 8871-8880. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01229 ISSN 0888-5885.
|
PDF
WRAP-Tailoring-electromechanical-properties-natural-rubber-vitrimers-2022.pdf - Published Version - Requires a PDF viewer. Available under License Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. Download (2493Kb) | Preview |
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01229
Abstract
The growing demand for smart polymeric transducers such as dielectric elastomer actuators and energy harvesters has urged the use of sustainable and recyclable elastomeric materials. Vitrimer chemistry has shed light on future reprocessable and recyclable thermosets and elastomers. In this work, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) vitrimers were prepared using diacid or triacid cross-linkers and formed covalently cross-linking networks via thermally triggered reversible β-hydroxy ester bonds. The cross-linked ENR elastomers exhibited Arrhenius-type viscoelastic behavior with a complete stress relaxation between 140 and 160 °C, that is, vitrimer characteristics, which were highly dependent on the cross-linking temperature. The mechanical and dielectric properties of the ENR vitrimers can be tuned by varying the molecular structure and concentration of the cross-linkers. Among the diacid and triacid cross-linkers, Pripol 1017 fatty polyacid (P1017) and 3,3′-dithiopropionic acid (DTPA) had similar effects on the cross-linking density and mechanical properties of the ENR vitrimers. The highest tensile strength of 8.70 ± 1.9 or 15.6 ± 2.6 MPa was obtained at 6 mol % of P1017 or DTPA, respectively. While for diamide-based diacid cross-linker (DME), 8 mol % was needed to reach the highest tensile strength of 13.1 ± 2.7 MPa for the elastomer. The three ENR vitrimers showed increased relative permittivity ε′ = 5∼7 at 1 kHz while maintaining low dielectric losses compared to traditional dicumyl peroxide-cured ENR, with ε′ = 3.57 at 1 kHz. With the optimized acidic cross-linker concentrations of P1017 at 6 mol %, DTPA at 6 mol %, and DME at 8 mol %, the ENR vitrimers exhibited improved actuation capabilities at lower electrical fields. Utilizing dynamic cross-linkers to tune the electromechanical properties of dielectric elastomers and the reversibly cross-linked polymer networks will open new opportunities for smart and sustainable dielectric elastomer devices.
Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subjects: | T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TP Chemical technology T Technology > TS Manufactures |
||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) | ||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Plastics -- Electric properties, Crosslinking (Polymerization), Elastomers | ||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research | ||||||||
Publisher: | American Chemical Society | ||||||||
ISSN: | 0888-5885 | ||||||||
Official Date: | 29 June 2022 | ||||||||
Dates: |
|
||||||||
Volume: | 61 | ||||||||
Number: | 25 | ||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 8871-8880 | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01229 | ||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | ||||||||
Copyright Holders: | © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society | ||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 17 June 2022 | ||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 17 June 2022 | ||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
|
Request changes or add full text files to a record
Repository staff actions (login required)
View Item |
Downloads
Downloads per month over past year