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TB morbidity estimates overlook the contribution of post-TB disability : evidence from urban Malawi
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Tomeny, Ewan M., Nightingale, Rebecca, Chinoko, Beatrice, Nikolaidis, Georgios F., Madan, Jason J., Worrall, Eve, Ngwira, Lucky Gift, Banda, Ndaziona Peter, Lönnroth, Knut, Evans, Denise, Chakaya, Jeremiah, Rylance, Jamie, Mortimer, Kevin, Squire, S. Bertel and Meghji, Jamilah (2022) TB morbidity estimates overlook the contribution of post-TB disability : evidence from urban Malawi. BMJ Global Health, 7 (5). e007643. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007643 ISSN 2059-7908.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007643
Abstract
Introduction Despite growing evidence of the long-term impact of tuberculosis (TB) on quality of life, Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates of TB-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) do not include post-TB morbidity, and evaluations of TB interventions typically assume treated patients return to pre-TB health. Using primary data, we estimate years of life lost due to disability (YLDs), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and DALYs associated with post-TB cardiorespiratory morbidity in a low-income country.
Methods Adults aged ≥15 years who had successfully completed treatment for drug-sensitive pulmonary TB in Blantyre, Malawi (February 2016–April 2017) were followed-up for 3 years with 6-monthly and 12-monthly study visits. In this secondary analysis, St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire data were used to match patients to GBD cardiorespiratory health states and corresponding disability weights (DWs) at each visit. YLDs were calculated for the study period and estimated for remaining lifespan using Malawian life table life expectancies. YLL were estimated using study mortality data and aspirational life expectancies, and post-TB DALYs derived. Data were disaggregated by HIV status and gender.
Results At treatment completion, 222/403 (55.1%) participants met criteria for a cardiorespiratory DW, decreasing to 15.6% after 3 years, at which point two-thirds of the disability burden was experienced by women. Over 90% of projected lifetime-YLD were concentrated within the most severely affected 20% of survivors. Mean DWs in the 3 years post-treatment were 0.041 (HIV-) and 0.025 (HIV+), and beyond 3 years estimated as 0.025 (HIV-) and 0.010 (HIV+), compared with GBD DWs of 0.408 (HIV+) and 0.333 (HIV-) during active disease. Our results imply that the majority of TB-related morbidity occurs post-treatment.
Conclusion TB-related DALYs are greatly underestimated by overlooking post-TB disability. The total disability burden of TB is likely undervalued by both GBD estimates and economic evaluations of interventions, particularly those aimed at early diagnosis and prevention.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | R Medicine > RA Public aspects of medicine R Medicine > RC Internal medicine |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Clinical Trials Unit Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Tuberculosis , Tuberculosis -- Complications -- Malawi, Tuberculosis -- Mortality -- Malawi | |||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | BMJ Global Health | |||||||||||||||
Publisher: | BMJ Publishing Group | |||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2059-7908 | |||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 20 May 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 7 | |||||||||||||||
Number: | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Number of Pages: | 12 | |||||||||||||||
Article Number: | e007643 | |||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007643 | |||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 5 July 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 5 July 2022 | |||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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