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Towards an understanding of long gamma-ray burst environments through circumstellar medium population synthesis predictions
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Chrimes, A. A., Gompertz, Benjamin P., Kann, D. A., van Marle, A. J., Eldridge, J. J., Groot, P. J., Laskar, T., Levan, Andrew J., Nicholl, M., Stanway, Elizabeth R. and Wiersema, K. (2022) Towards an understanding of long gamma-ray burst environments through circumstellar medium population synthesis predictions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 515 (2). pp. 2591-2611. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1796 ISSN 1365-2966.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1796
Abstract
The temporal and spectral evolution of gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows can be used to infer the density and density profile of the medium through which the shock is propagating. In long-duration (core-collapse) GRBs, the circumstellar medium (CSM) is expected to resemble a wind-blown bubble, with a termination shock separating the stellar wind and the interstellar medium (ISM). A long standing problem is that flat density profiles, indicative of the ISM, are often found at lower radii than expected for a massive star progenitor. Furthermore, the presence of both wind-like environments at high radii and ISM-like environments at low radii remains a mystery. In this paper, we perform a ‘CSM population synthesis’ with long GRB progenitor stellar evolution models. Analytic results for the evolution of wind blown bubbles are adjusted through comparison with a grid of 2D hydrodynamical simulations. Predictions for the emission radii, ratio of ISM to wind-like environments, wind and ISM densities are compared with the largest sample of afterglow-derived parameters yet compiled, which we make available for the community. We find that high ISM densities of n ∼ 1000 cm−3 best reproduce observations. If long GRBs instead occur in typical ISM densities of n ∼ 1 cm−3, then the discrepancy between theory and observations is shown to persist at a population level. We discuss possible explanations for the origin of variety in long GRB afterglows, and for the overall trend of CSM modelling to over-predict the termination shock radius.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||||||
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics | ||||||||
| SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | ||||||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | ||||||||
| Publisher: | Oxford University Press (OUP) | ||||||||
| ISSN: | 1365-2966 | ||||||||
| Official Date: | September 2022 | ||||||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | 515 | ||||||||
| Number: | 2 | ||||||||
| Page Range: | pp. 2591-2611 | ||||||||
| DOI: | 10.1093/mnras/stac1796 | ||||||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||||||
| Reuse Statement (publisher, data, author rights): | This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. | ||||||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access | ||||||||
| Copyright Holders: | © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant deposit: | 12 October 2022 | ||||||||
| Date of first compliant Open Access: | 12 October 2022 | ||||||||
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