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Household income and maternal education in early childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in late childhood : findings from seven birth cohort studies in six high-income countries.
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White, Pär Andersson, Awad, Yara Abu, Gauvin, Lise, Spencer, Nicholas James, McGrath, Jennifer J., Clifford, Susan A., Nikiema, Béatrice, Yang-Huang, Junwen, Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D., Markham, Wolfgang A., Mensah, Fiona K., van Grieken, Amy, Raat, Hein, Jaddoe, V. W. V., Ludvigsson, Johnny and Faresjö, Tomas (2022) Household income and maternal education in early childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in late childhood : findings from seven birth cohort studies in six high-income countries. International Journal of Obesity, 46 . pp. 1703-1711. doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01171-7 ISSN 0307-0565.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01171-7
Abstract
This study analysed the relationship between early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) measured by maternal education and household income and the subsequent development of childhood overweight and obesity. Data from seven population-representative prospective child cohorts in six high-income countries: United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada (one national cohort and one from the province of Quebec), USA, Sweden. Children were included at birth or within the first 2 years of life. Pooled estimates relate to a total of N = 26,565 included children. Overweight and obesity were defined using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and measured in late childhood (8-11 years). Risk ratios (RRs) and pooled risk estimates were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal age, ethnicity, child sex). Slope Indexes of Inequality (SII) were estimated to quantify absolute inequality for maternal education and household income. Prevalence ranged from 15.0% overweight and 2.4% obese in the Swedish cohort to 37.6% overweight and 15.8% obese in the US cohort. Overall, across cohorts, social gradients were observed for risk of obesity for both low maternal education (pooled RR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.31) and low household income (pooled RR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.30); between-cohort heterogeneity ranged from negligible to moderate (p: 0.300 to < 0.001). The association between RRs of obesity by income was lowest in Sweden than in other cohorts. There was a social gradient by maternal education on the risk of childhood obesity in all included cohorts. The SES associations measured by income were more heterogeneous and differed between Sweden versus the other national cohorts; these findings may be attributable to policy differences, including preschool policies, maternity leave, a ban on advertising to children, and universal free school meals. [Abstract copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).]
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | H Social Sciences > HQ The family. Marriage. Woman R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > Engineering | |||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Obesity in children , Children -- Health and hygiene , Overweight children | |||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | International Journal of Obesity | |||||||||||||||
Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group | |||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0307-0565 | |||||||||||||||
Official Date: | September 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 46 | |||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 1703-1711 | |||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1038/s41366-022-01171-7 | |||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 11 August 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 15 August 2022 | |||||||||||||||
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