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Investigating the influence of n-Heptane versus n-Nonane upon the extraction of asphaltenes
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Alostad, Latifa K., Palacio Lozano, Diana Catalina, Gannon, Benedict, Downham, Rory P., Jones, Hugh E. and Barrow, Mark P. (2022) Investigating the influence of n-Heptane versus n-Nonane upon the extraction of asphaltenes. Energy & Fuels, 36 (16). pp. 8663-8673. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01168 ISSN 0887-0624.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01168
Abstract
The composition of asphaltenes is of interest due to the challenges they pose for industry and their high complexity, encompassing a range of heteroatom contents, molecular weights, double bond equivalents (DBEs), and structural motifs. They are well-known for aggregating above critical concentrations, hindering the upstream and downstream processes. Asphaltenes are defined by solubility, as they are insoluble in light paraffins such as n-heptane and soluble in aromatic solvents such as toluene. Today, enormous efforts are being invested into the characterization of asphaltenes to shed light into their structural profiles to benefit the petroleum industry and environmental sustainability. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) provides molecular level analysis with unparalleled mass resolving power and mass accuracy, which is vital for the characterization of inherently complex crude oils and their asphaltene fractions. The aim of this research is to elucidate and compare the compositional profiles of asphaltene fractions of two petroleum samples, fractioned through two approaches: using n-heptane, as is typical practice, and n-nonane, for the purpose of testing extraction using higher molecular weight alkanes. The results highlight that the choice of solvents does indeed influence the accessibility of different species and therefore changes the observed molecular profiles of the extracted asphaltenes. n-Heptane afforded broader contributions of different heteroatomic classes and greater carbon number ranges of the observed components; the DBE distribution vs carbon number profiles were different, where the extracts produced using n-nonane displayed a greater prevalence of lower DBE species.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry | |||||||||||||||||||||
Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry | |||||||||||||||||||||
SWORD Depositor: | Library Publications Router | |||||||||||||||||||||
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Asphaltene -- Analysis, Heptane, Fourier transform spectroscopy, Ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry | |||||||||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Energy & Fuels | |||||||||||||||||||||
Publisher: | American Chemical Society | |||||||||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 0887-0624 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 18 August 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 36 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Number: | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Page Range: | pp. 8663-8673 | |||||||||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01168 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Copyright Holders: | Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society | |||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 1 September 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 1 September 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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