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Analysing normative influences on the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting among 0–14 years old girls in Senegal : a spatial Bayesian hierarchical regression approach

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Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Nnanatu, Chibuzor Christopher, Atilola, Glory, Komba, Paul, Mavatikua, Lubanzadio, Moore, Zhuzhi and Matanda, Dennis (2021) Analysing normative influences on the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting among 0–14 years old girls in Senegal : a spatial Bayesian hierarchical regression approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (7). p. 3822. doi:10.3390/ijerph18073822 ISSN 1660-4601. [ 🗎 Public].

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073822

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Abstract

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful traditional practice affecting the health and rights of women and girls. This has raised global attention on the implementation of strategies to eliminate the practice in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A recent study on the trends of FGM/C among Senegalese women (aged 15–49) which examined how individual- and community-level factors affected the practice, found significant regional variations in the practice. However, the dynamics of the practice among girls (0–14 years old) is not fully understood. This paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap by investigating normative influences in the persistence of the practice among Senegalese girls, identify and map ‘hotspots’.

Methods: We do so by using a class of Bayesian hierarchical geospatial modelling approach implemented in R statistical software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) using R2BayesX package. We employed Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques for full Bayesian inference, while model fit and complexity assessment utilised deviance information criterion (DIC).

Results: We found that a girl’s probability of cutting was higher if her mother was cut, supported FGM/C continuation or believed that the practice was a religious obligation. In addition, living in rural areas and being born to a mother from Diola, Mandingue, Soninke or Poular ethnic group increased a girl’s likelihood of being cut. The hotspots identified included Matam, Tambacounda and Kolda regions.

Conclusions: Our findings offer a clearer picture of the dynamics of FGM/C practice among Senegalese girls and prove useful in informing evidence-based intervention policies designed to achieve the abandonment of the practice in Senegal.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > GN Anthropology
H Social Sciences > HM Sociology
Q Science > QA Mathematics
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Female circumcision -- Senegal -- Statistics, Female circumcision -- Senegal -- Social aspects, Social norms -- Senegal, Spatial analysis (Statistics), Bayesian statistical decision theory
Journal or Publication Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher: M D P I AG
ISSN: 1660-4601
Official Date: 6 April 2021
Dates:
DateEvent
6 April 2021Published
29 March 2021Accepted
13 February 2021Submitted
Volume: 18
Number: 7
Page Range: p. 3822
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073822
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 23 August 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 23 August 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
DEL-15-005African Academy of Scienceshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011858
107754/Z/15/ZWellcome Trusthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269
UNSPECIFIEDGovernment of the United Kingdomhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100013986
Is Part Of: 1

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