Patel, Mubarak and Uthman, Olalekan (2023) Impact of quality of life in developing cardiovascular disease later in life : graphical chain model of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 104 . 104820. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104820 ISSN 0167-4943.

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Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how graphical chain models can be used to model how cardiovascular disease affected quality of life in later life over the course of 17 years of data.

Methods
Waves 1-9 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was used to investigate how quality of life changed over each wave using the CASP-19 questionnaire, and whether having experienced a cardiovascular event had an effect on quality of life.

Results
A total of 12,099 participants were included in the study. Participants had a mean age of 64.2 years, the majority of which were over 50 years old. Older people are more likely to have cardiac events. A one-unit rise in CES-D 8-item score was related with a 14% increased risk of CVD at Wave 1. Those with an O-level, A-level, or degree (or equivalent) had lower CVD risks than those with no education. Women had half the CVD risk of men. Living alone reduced the risk of a CVD-event by 15%. Moderate and vigorous exercise lowered cardiac event risk compared to no exercise. Current or ex-smokers have a 30% higher risk of CVD than non-smokers. Cardiovascular event was significantly associated with quality of life at waves 1 and 2 only.

Discussion
Events related to cardiovascular disease only affected quality of life in later life up to 4 years. Factors such as age, depression, perceived position on social ladder, and high levels of physical activity affected quality of life throughout the majority of waves.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences > Population, Evidence & Technologies (PET) > Warwick Evidence Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Cardiovascular system -- Diseases , Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Diagnosis, Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Complications, Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Diagnosis -- Methodology, Quality of life
Journal or Publication Title:	Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
Publisher:	Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
ISSN:	0167-4943
Official Date:	January 2023
Dates:	Date Event January 2023 Published 12 September 2022 Available 7 September 2022 Accepted 22 July 2022 Submitted
Volume:	104
Number of Pages:	10
Article Number:	104820
DOI:	10.1016/j.archger.2022.104820
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	28 September 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access:	29 September 2022

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