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Type, density, and healthiness of food-outlets in a university foodscape : a geographical mapping and characterisation of food resources in a Ghanaian university campus

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Mensah, Daniel Opoku, Yeboah, Godwin, Batame, Michael, Lillywhite, Robert and Oyebode, Oyinlola (2022) Type, density, and healthiness of food-outlets in a university foodscape : a geographical mapping and characterisation of food resources in a Ghanaian university campus. BMC Public Health, 22 (1). 1912. doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14266-7 ISSN 1471-2458.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14266-7

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Abstract

Introduction:
Food environments are viewed as the interface where individuals interact with the wider food system to procure and/or consume food. Institutional food environment characteristics have been associated with health outcomes including obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NR-NCDs) in studies from high-income countries. The objectives of this study were (1) to map and characterise the food-outlets within a Ghanaian university campus; and (2) to assess the healthiness of the food outlets.

Methods:
Data collection was undertaken based on geospatial open-source technologies and the collaborative mapping platform OpenStreetMap using a systematic approach involving three phases: remote mapping, ground-truthing, and food-outlet survey. Spatial analyses were performed using Quantum Geographical Information System (QGIS) and comprised kernel density, buffer, and average nearest neighbour analyses to assess outlet distribution, density, and proximity. A classification system was developed to assess the healthiness of food-outlets within the University foodscape.

Results:
Food-outlets were unevenly distributed over the University foodscape, with many outlets clustered closer to student residencies. Informal food-outlets were the most frequent food-outlet type. Compared to NCD-healthy food-outlets, NCD-unhealthy food-outlets dominated the foodscape (50.7% vs 39.9%) with 9.4% being NCD-intermediate, suggesting a less-healthy university foodscape. More NCD-unhealthy food outlets than NCD-healthy food outlets clustered around student residences. This difference was statistically significant for food outlets within a 100-m buffer (p < 0.001) of student residence and those within 100 and 500 m from departmental buildings/lecture halls (at 5% level of significance).

Conclusion:
Further action, including research to ascertain how the features of the University’s food environment have or are influencing students’ dietary behaviours are needed to inform interventions aimed at creating healthier foodscapes in the study University and other campuses and to lead the way towards the creation of healthy food environments at the home, work, and community levels.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor
T Technology > TX Home economics
Divisions: Faculty of Arts > School for Cross-faculty Studies
Administration > Information and Digital Group > Information Technology Services > E-lab
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Administration > Information and Digital Group > Information Technology Services
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Administration > Research Support Services
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): University -- Food service -- Ghana, School lunchrooms, cafeterias, etc. -- Ghana, Food -- Safety measures, University -- Food service -- Ghana -- Mathematical models, Food habits, College students -- Nutrition -- Ghana
Journal or Publication Title: BMC Public Health
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN: 1471-2458
Official Date: 13 October 2022
Dates:
DateEvent
13 October 2022Published
8 September 2022Accepted
Volume: 22
Number: 1
Article Number: 1912
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14266-7
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 19 October 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 19 October 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Warwickhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741
UNSPECIFIEDNational Institute for Health Researchhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272

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