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Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for graphene growth on Cu(111) under ultra-high vacuum

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Klein, Benedikt P., Stoodley, Matthew A., Edmondson, Matthew, Rochford, Luke A., Walker, Marc, Sattler, Lars, Weber, Sebastian M., Hilt, Gerhard, Williams, Leon B. S., Lee, Tien-Lin, Saywell, Alex, Maurer, Reinhard J. and Duncan, David A. (2022) Using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for graphene growth on Cu(111) under ultra-high vacuum. Applied Physics Letters, 121 (19). 191603. doi:10.1063/5.0122914 ISSN 0003-6951.

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122914

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Abstract

Ultra-high vacuum deposition of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons azupyrene and pyrene onto a Cu(111) surface held at a temperature of 1000 K is herein shown to result in the formation of graphene. The presence of graphene was proven using scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and low energy electron diffraction. The precursors, azupyrene and pyrene, are comparatively large aromatic molecules in contrast to more commonly employed precursors like methane or ethylene. While the formation of the hexagonal graphene lattice could naively be expected when pyrene is used as a precursor, the situation is more complex for azupyrene. In this case, the non-alternant topology of azupyrene with only 5- and 7-membered rings must be altered to form the observed hexagonal graphene lattice. Such a rearrangement, converting a non-alternant topology into an alternant one, is in line with previous reports describing similar topological alterations, including the isomerization of molecular azupyrene to pyrene. The thermal synthesis route to graphene, presented here, is achievable at comparatively low temperatures and under ultra-high vacuum conditions, which may enable further investigations of the growth process in a strictly controlled and clean environment that is not accessible with traditional precursors.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QD Chemistry
T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Chemistry > Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Centre
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Graphene , Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons , Graphene -- Synthesis, Graphene -- Industrial applications
Journal or Publication Title: Applied Physics Letters
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
ISSN: 0003-6951
Official Date: 10 November 2022
Dates:
DateEvent
10 November 2022Published
23 October 2022Accepted
Volume: 121
Number: 19
Article Number: 191603
DOI: 10.1063/5.0122914
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 16 November 2022
Date of first compliant Open Access: 16 November 2022
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
KL 3430/1-1[DFG] Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschafthttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
MR/S016023/1UK Research and Innovationhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014013
UNSPECIFIEDRoyal Societyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Warwickhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000741
EP/V007688/1[EPSRC] Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266

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