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Quality analysis of weld-line defects in carbon fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds by automated eddy current scanning
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Fereshteh-Saniee, Nessa, Reynolds, Neil, Norman, Danielle, Qian, Connie, Armstrong, David J., Smith, Paul, Kupke, Richard, Williams, Mark A. and Kendall, Kenneth N. (2022) Quality analysis of weld-line defects in carbon fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds by automated eddy current scanning. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 6 (6). 151. doi:10.3390/jmmp6060151 ISSN 2504-4494.
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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6060151
Abstract
Discontinuous fibre reinforced composites enable the manufacture of integrated structural components via the complex flow process of compression moulding. However, such processes can lead to the formation of detrimental weld-lines. Here, the meso-structure of carbon fibre sheet moulding compounds (C-SMC) was analysed using conventional non-destructive techniques and automated eddy current (EC) scanning, as well as destructive methods, in an attempt to identify defects such as weld-lines in this class of materials. Compression-moulded plaques with forced weld-lines in two different configurations (adjacent and opposing flow joints) were analysed, showing up to 80% strength reduction versus a defect-free plaque. The EC-determined local fibre orientation and elucidated local microstructure matched those obtained using conventional techniques, showing a dramatic fibre tow alignment parallel to the weld-lines. It was found that failure occurred in proximity to the “non-uniformity” defect regions identified by EC analyses, demonstrating the use of robot-guided EC for successful defect detection in C-SMC structures.
Item Type: | Journal Article | |||||||||||||||
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Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
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Divisions: | Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Engineering > WMG (Formerly the Warwick Manufacturing Group) |
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Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Carbon fibers, Composite materials -- Industrial applications, Fibrous composites -- Industrial applications, Molding materials, Nondestructive testing, Eddy currents (Electric) | |||||||||||||||
Journal or Publication Title: | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing | |||||||||||||||
Publisher: | MDPI | |||||||||||||||
ISSN: | 2504-4494 | |||||||||||||||
Official Date: | 22 November 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Dates: |
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Volume: | 6 | |||||||||||||||
Number: | 6 | |||||||||||||||
Article Number: | 151 | |||||||||||||||
DOI: | 10.3390/jmmp6060151 | |||||||||||||||
Status: | Peer Reviewed | |||||||||||||||
Publication Status: | Published | |||||||||||||||
Access rights to Published version: | Open Access (Creative Commons) | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant deposit: | 8 December 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Date of first compliant Open Access: | 8 December 2022 | |||||||||||||||
Funder: | APC10 TUCANA 113198, EPSRC Future Metrology Hub (grant number EP/P006930)1 , EPSRC Future Composites Manufacturing Hub (grant number EP/P006701/1), STFC via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship (ST/R00384X/1) | |||||||||||||||
Grant number: | 113198 | |||||||||||||||
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant: |
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Open Access Version: |
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