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Measurement of the axial vector form factor from antineutrino–proton scattering

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Cai, T., Moore, M. L., Olivier, A., Akhter, S., Dar, Z. Ahmad, Ansari, V., Ascencio, M. V., Bashyal, A., Bercellie, A., Betancourt, M. et al.
(2023) Measurement of the axial vector form factor from antineutrino–proton scattering. Nature, 614 (7946). pp. 48-53. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05478-3 ISSN 0028-0836.

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Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05478-3

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Abstract

Scattering of high energy particles from nucleons probes their structure, as was done in the experiments that established the non-zero size of the proton using electron beams1. The use of charged leptons as scattering probes enables measuring the distribution of electric charges, which is encoded in the vector form factors of the nucleon2. Scattering weakly interacting neutrinos gives the opportunity to measure both vector and axial vector form factors of the nucleon, providing an additional, complementary probe of their structure. The nucleon transition axial form factor, FA, can be measured from neutrino scattering from free nucleons, νμn → μ−p and ν¯μp→μ+n, as a function of the negative four-momentum transfer squared (Q2). Up to now, FA(Q2) has been extracted from the bound nucleons in neutrino–deuterium scattering3–9, which requires uncertain nuclear corrections10. Here we report the first high-statistics measurement, to our knowledge, of the ν¯μp→μ+n cross-section from the hydrogen atom, using the plastic scintillator target of the MINERvA11 experiment, extracting FA from free proton targets and measuring the nucleon axial charge radius, rA, to be 0.73 ± 0.17 fm. The antineutrino–hydrogen scattering presented here can access the axial form factor without the need for nuclear theory corrections, and enables direct comparisons with the increasingly precise lattice quantum chromodynamics computations12–15. Finally, the tools developed for this analysis and the result presented are substantial advancements in our capabilities to understand the nucleon structure in the weak sector, and also help the current and future neutrino oscillation experiments16–20 to better constrain neutrino interaction models.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QC Physics
Q Science > QD Chemistry
Divisions: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Physics
SWORD Depositor: Library Publications Router
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Neutrinos -- Scattering , Antineutrinos, Protons -- Scattering, Deuterium
Journal or Publication Title: Nature
Publisher: Nature Publishing
ISSN: 0028-0836
Official Date: 1 February 2023
Dates:
DateEvent
1 February 2023Published
25 October 2022Accepted
Volume: 614
Number: 7946
Page Range: pp. 48-53
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05478-3
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit: 10 March 2023
Date of first compliant Open Access: 13 March 2023
RIOXX Funder/Project Grant:
Project/Grant IDRIOXX Funder NameFunder ID
DE-AC02-07CH11359 Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA)https://fra-hq.org/
PHY-0619727 [NSF] National Science Foundation (US)http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
UNSPECIFIEDUniversity of Rochesterhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008091
UNSPECIFIEDU.S. Department of Energyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000015
UNSPECIFIED[NSERC] Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canadahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038
UNSPECIFIEDConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003593
UNSPECIFIEDCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002322
UNSPECIFIEDConsejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologíahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141
UNSPECIFIEDProyecto Basal FB 0821UNSPECIFIED
PIA ACT1413[CONICYT] Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológicahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002848
3170845 [FONDECYT] Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológicohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002850
11130133[FONDECYT] Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológicohttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002850
UNSPECIFIEDConsejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológicahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100010747
UNSPECIFIEDDirección de Gestión de la Investigaciónhttps://www.uantof.cl/direccion-de-gestion-de-la-investigacion/
UNSPECIFIEDPontificia Universidad Católica del Perúhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100011871
UNSPECIFIEDPontificia Universidad Catolica del Perú.‏ ‎‡b Vicerrectorado de Investigaciónhttp://viaf.org/viaf/263683258
2016/21/B/ST2/01092NCN Opus (Poland)UNSPECIFIED
UNSPECIFIED[STFC] Science and Technology Facilities Councilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000271
UNSPECIFIEDH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actionshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010665

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