Chen, Yin, Wu, Liqin, Boden, Rich, Hillebrand, Alexandra, Kumaresan, Deepak, Moussard, Helene, Baciu, Mihai, Lu, Yahai and Murrell, J. C. (J. Colin). (2009) Life without light: microbial diversity and evidence of sulfur- and ammonium-based chemolithotrophy in Movile Cave. ISME Journal, Vol.3 (No.9). pp. 1093-1104. ISSN 1751-7362

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Abstract

Microbial diversity in Movile Cave (Romania) was studied using bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequence and functional gene analyses, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), soxB (sulfate thioesterase/thiohydrolase) and amoA (ammonia monooxygenase). Sulfur oxidizers from both Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were detected in 16S rRNA, soxB and RuBisCO gene libraries. DNA-based stable-isotope probing analyses using C-13-bicarbonate showed that Thiobacillus spp. were most active in assimilating CO2 and also implied that ammonia and nitrite oxidizers were active during incubations. Nitrosomonas spp. were detected in both 16S rRNA and amoA gene libraries from the 'heavy' DNA and sequences related to nitriteoxidizing bacteria Nitrospira and Candidatus 'Nitrotoga' were also detected in the 'heavy' DNA, which suggests that ammonia/nitrite oxidation may be another major primary production process in this unique ecosystem. A significant number of sequences associated with known methylotrophs from the Betaproteobacteria were obtained, including Methylotenera, Methylophilus and Methylovorus, supporting the view that cycling of one-carbon compounds may be an important process within Movile Cave. Other sequences detected in the bacterial 16S rRNA clone library included Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, alphaproteobacterial Rhodobacterales and gammaproteobacterial Xanthomonadales. Archaeal 16S rRNA sequences retrieved were restricted within two groups, namely the Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vent Euryarchaeota group and the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic group. No sequences related to known sulfur-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing archaea, methanogens or anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea were detected in this clone library. The results provided molecular biological evidence to support the hypothesis that Movile Cave is driven by chemolithoautotrophy, mainly through sulfur oxidation by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and reveal that ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria may also be major primary producers in Movile Cave. The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 1093-1104; doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.57; published online 28 May 2009

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010)
Journal or Publication Title:	ISME Journal
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	1751-7362
Date:	September 2009
Volume:	Vol.3
Number:	No.9
Number of Pages:	12
Page Range:	pp. 1093-1104
Identification Number:	10.1038/ismej.2009.57
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Natural Environment Research Council (Great Britain) (NERC) , Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Award, University of Warwick
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/17350

Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge

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