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MESODERM INDUCTION IN XENOPUS CAUSED BY ACTIVATION OF MAP KINASE
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UNSPECIFIED (1995) MESODERM INDUCTION IN XENOPUS CAUSED BY ACTIVATION OF MAP KINASE. Nature, 376 (6535). pp. 58-62. ISSN 0028-0836
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
MESODERM induction is a critical early step in vertebrate development, involving changes in gene expression and morphogenesis(1), In Xenopus, normal mesoderm formation depends on signalling through the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) tyrosine kinase receptor(2-4). One important signalling pathway from receptor tyrosine kinases involves p21(ras) (ref, 5). Ras associates with the serine kinase c-Raf-1 in a GTP-dependent manner, and this complex phosphorylates and activates MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK), a protein kinase with dual specificity, MEK then activates p42(mapk); and (at least in mammals) p44(mapk), members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family(6), FGF activates MAP kinase during mesoderm induction(7-9), and the use of dominant-negative constructs suggests that mesoderm induction by FGF requires both Res and Raf(10,11). However, these experiments Bo not reveal whether Ras and Raf do act through MAP kinase to induce mesoderm or whether another pathway, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade(12), is involved. Here we show that expression of active forms of MEK or of MAP kinase induces ventral mesoderm of the hind elicited by FGF, Overexpression of a Xenopus MAP kinase phosphatase Mocks mesoderm induction by FGF, and causes characteristic defects in mesoderm formation in intact embryos, whereas inhibition of the P13 kinase and p70 S6 kinase pathways has no effect on mesoderm induction by FGF, FGF induces different types of mesoderm in a dose-dependent manner(13); strikingly, this is mimicked by expressing different levels of activated MEK. Together, these experiments demonstrate that activation of MAP kinases is necessary and sufficient for mesoderm formation.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Nature |
| Publisher: | MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD |
| ISSN: | 0028-0836 |
| Date: | 6 July 1995 |
| Volume: | 376 |
| Number: | 6535 |
| Number of Pages: | 5 |
| Page Range: | pp. 58-62 |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| URI: | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/19710 |
Data sourced from Thomson Reuters' Web of Knowledge
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