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Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators?

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Bell, J. R. (James R.), Mead, A. (Andrew), Skirvin, David J., Sunderland, K. D., Fenlon, John S. and Symondson, W. O. C. (William O. C.). (2008) Do functional traits improve prediction of predation rates for a disparate group of aphid predators? Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol.98 (No.6). pp. 587-597. ISSN 0007-4853

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485308005919

Abstract

Aphid predators are a systematically disparate group of arthropods united on the basis that they consume aphids as part of their diet. In Europe, this group includes Araneae, Opiliones, Heteroptera, chrysopids, Forficulina, syrphid larvae, carabids, staphylinids, cantharids and coccinellids. This functional group has no phylogenetic meaning but was created by ecologists as a way of understanding predation, particularly for conservation biological control. We investigated whether trait-based approaches could bring some cohesion and structure to this predator group. A taxonomic hierarchy-based null model was created from taxonomic distances in which a simple multiplicative relationship described the Linnaean hierarchies (species, genera, etc.) of fifty common aphid predators. Using the same fifty species, a functional groups model was developed using ten behavioural traits (e.g. polyphagy, dispersal, activity, etc.) to describe the way in which aphids were predated in the field. The interrelationships between species were then expressed as dissimilarities within each model and separately analysed using PROXSCAL, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) program. When ordinated using PROXSCAL and then statistically compared using Procrustes analysis, we found that only 17% of information was shared between the two configurations. Polyphagy across kingdoms (i.e. predatory behaviour across animal, plant and fungi kingdoms) and the ability to withstand starvation over days, weeks and months were particularly divisive within the functional groups model. Confirmatory MDS indicated poor prediction of aphid predation rates by the configurations derived from either model. The counterintuitive conclusion was that the inclusion of functional traits, pertinent to the way in which predators fed on aphids, did not lead to a large improvement in the prediction of predation rate when compared to the standard taxonomic approach.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QL Zoology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Statistics Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Warwick HRI (2004-2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Aphids -- Biological control, Multidimensional scaling, Functional groups, Behavior evolution
Journal or Publication Title:	Bulletin of Entomological Research
Publisher:	Cambridge University Press
ISSN:	0007-4853
Date:	December 2008
Volume:	Vol.98
Number:	No.6
Page Range:	pp. 587-597
Identification Number:	10.1017/S0007485308005919
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC)
Grant number:	D19631/2 (BBSRC)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/2569