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Urinary estrogen metabolites and prostate cancer : a case-control study and meta-analysis

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Barba, Maddalena, Yang, Li, Ph.D., Schünemann, Holger J., Sperati, Francesca, Grioni, Sara, Stranges, Saverio, Westerlind, Kim C., Blandino, Giovanni, Gallucci, M. (Michele), Lauria, Rossella, Malorni, Luca and Muti, Paola. (2009) Urinary estrogen metabolites and prostate cancer : a case-control study and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, Vol.28 (Article 135). ISSN 1756-9966

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Abstract

Objective: To investigate prostate cancer (Pca) risk in relation to estrogen metabolism, expressed as urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1) and 2-OHE1 to 16α-OHE1 ratio.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study within the Western New York Health Cohort Study (WNYHCS) from 1996 to 2001. From January 2003 through September 2004, we completed the re-call and follow-up of 1092 cohort participants. Cases (n = 26) and controls (n = 110) were matched on age, race and recruitment period according to a 1:4 ratio. We used the unconditional logistic regression to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confident interval (CI) of Pca in relation to 2-OHE1, 16αOHE1 and 2-OHE1 to 16α-OHE1 by tertiles of urine concentrations (stored in a biorepository for an average of 4 years). We identified age, race, education and body mass index as covariates. We also conducted a systematic review of the literature which revealed no additional studies, but we pooled the results from this study with those from a previously conducted case-control study using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects method.
Results: We observed a non-significant risk reduction in the highest tertile of 2-OHE1 (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.25-2.10). Conversely, the odds in the highest tertile of 16α-OHE1 showed a non-significant risk increase (OR 1.76 95% CI 0.62-4.98). There was a suggestion of reduced Pca risk for men in the highest tertile of 2-OHE1 to 16α-OHE1 ratio (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.19-1.68). The pooled estimates confirmed the association between an increased Pca risk and higher urinary levels of 16α-OHE1 (third vs. first tertile: OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.09-3.05) and the protective effect of a higher 2-OHE 1 to 16α-OHE1 ratio (third vs. first tertile: OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.90).
Conclusion: Our study and the pooled results provide evidence for a differential role of the estrogen hydroxylation pathway in Pca development and encourage further study.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0254 Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology (including Cancer)
Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Prostate -- Cancer -- Research, Cancer -- Endocrine aspects, Estrogen -- Physiological effect, Hydroxylation
Journal or Publication Title: Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research
Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN: 1756-9966
Official Date: 8 October 2009
Volume: Vol.28
Number: Article 135
Identification Number: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-135
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Open Access
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URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/2653

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