Parvizi, P., Mazloumi-Gavgani, A. S., Davies, C. R., Courtenay, Orin and Ready, P. D. (Paul Donald). (2008) Two Leishmania species circulating in the Kaleybar focus of infantile visceral leishmaniasis, northwest Iran: implications for deltamethrin dog collar intervention. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol.102 (No.9). pp. 891-897. ISSN 0035-9203

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Abstract

Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis (IVL) in the Mediterranean Basin and, based on isoenzyme typing of a few isolates from patients and domestic dogs, this parasite was considered to predominate in the Kaleybar focus of IVL in northwest Iran. However, in the current investigation only one out of five sandfly infections was found to be L. infantum, based on PCR detection and sequencing of parasite internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA infecting Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus. The four other infections were of haplotypes of L. tropica, the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Middle East and a parasite occasionally detected in the viscera of dogs and patients in Iran and elsewhere. The widespread distribution of L. tropica in the Kaleybar focus suggests that this parasite is not a transient introduction. Kaleybar has been used for a deltamethrin dog collar intervention to reduce the biting rates of the vectors of L. infantum and this has significantly reduced the incidence of Leishmania infections both in children and the domestic dog, the usual reservoir host of IVL. The implications of finding L. tropica widespread in the heart of the intervention area are discussed. Extensive and intensive typing of natural Leishmania infections is a characteristic of epidemiological investigations in the Neotropics and the current report indicates that this will also be necessary in some regions of the Old World. (C) 2008 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QL Zoology R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Kala-azar -- Prevention -- Iran, Leishmaniasis -- Prevention -- Iran, Leishmania, Leishmaniasis -- Iran, Polymerase chain reaction -- Diagnostic use, Dog collars
Journal or Publication Title:	Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Publisher:	Elsevier Ltd
ISSN:	0035-9203
Date:	September 2008
Volume:	Vol.102
Number:	No.9
Number of Pages:	7
Page Range:	pp. 891-897
Identification Number:	10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.026
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Wellcome Trust (London, England)
Grant number:	076266 (WT)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/29315

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