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Protein diffusion and macromolecular crowding in thylakoid membranes

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Kirchhoff, Helmut, Haferkamp, Silvia, Allen, John F., Epstein, D. B. A. and Mullineaux, Conrad W.. (2008) Protein diffusion and macromolecular crowding in thylakoid membranes. Plant Physiology, Volume 146 (Number 4). pp. 1571-1578. ISSN 0032-0889

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Abstract

The photosynthetic light reactions of green plants are mediated by chlorophyll-binding protein complexes located in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts. Thylakoid membranes have a complex structure, with lateral segregation of protein complexes into distinct membrane regions known as the grana and the stroma lamellae. It has long been clear that some protein complexes can diffuse between the grana and the stroma lamellae, and that this movement is important for processes including membrane biogenesis, regulation of light harvesting, and turnover and repair of the photosynthetic complexes. In the grana membranes, diffusion may be problematic because the protein complexes are very densely packed (approximately 75% area occupation) and semicrystalline protein arrays are often observed. To date, direct measurements of protein diffusion in green plant thylakoids have been lacking. We have developed a form of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching that allows direct measurement of the diffusion of chlorophyll-protein complexes in isolated grana membranes from Spinacia oleracea. We show that about 75% of fluorophores are immobile within our measuring period of a few minutes. We suggest that this immobility is due to a protein network covering a whole grana disc. However, the remaining fraction is surprisingly mobile (diffusion coefficient 4.6 +/- 0.4 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1)), which suggests that it is associated with mobile proteins that exchange between the grana and stroma lamellae within a few seconds. Manipulation of the protein-lipid ratio and the ionic strength of the buffer reveals the roles of macromolecular crowding and protein-protein interactions in restricting the mobility of grana proteins.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Q Science > QK Botany
Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Mathematics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Thylakoids, Proteins, Diffusion, Macromolecules
Journal or Publication Title: Plant Physiology
Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists
ISSN: 0032-0889
Official Date: April 2008
Volume: Volume 146
Number: Number 4
Number of Pages: 8
Page Range: pp. 1571-1578
Identification Number: 10.1104/pp.107.115170
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Royal Society (Great Britain), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain), Wellcome Trust (London, England), Leverhulme Trust (LT)
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URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/29887

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