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Data fusion for defect characterisation using a dual probe system

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Edwards, R. S. (Rachel S.), Sophian, A., Dixon, S. and Tian, G. Y.. (2008) Data fusion for defect characterisation using a dual probe system. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, Vol.144 (No.1). pp. 222-228. ISSN 0924-4247

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2007.12.020

Abstract

We present recent work on a dual probe system containing electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) generating and detecting surface ultrasonic waves, and a pulsed eddy current (PEC) probe. This system is able to detect and size surface and near-surface defects in electrically conducting samples by looking at changes in the detected signal for each probe. By combining the information from each probe using a weighted logic function for data fusion, it is possible to both classify and size defects, with increased reliability. By combining the data in this way one obtains information about the defects which is not available when using either probe in isolation. Typical results on steel and aluminium samples are presented, along with information about the data fusion function. The dual probe and data fusion routine has been demonstrated to work at manual-scanning speeds, with higher speeds possible following some simple improvements to the system.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)
Divisions: Faculty of Science > Engineering
Faculty of Science > Physics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Surfaces (Technology) -- Defects, Ultrasonic testing, Multisensor data fusion
Journal or Publication Title: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
Publisher: Elsevier Science BV
ISSN: 0924-4247
Date: 28 May 2008
Volume: Vol.144
Number: No.1
Number of Pages: 7
Page Range: pp. 222-228
Identification Number: 10.1016/j.sna.2007.12.020
Status: Peer Reviewed
Publication Status: Published
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Grant number: GR/S24435/01 (EPSRC), GR/S24428/01 (EPSRC)
References: 1 J. Blitz and G. Simpson, Ultrasonic methods of non-destructive testing (1996) and Blitz J. Electrical and magnetic methods of non-destructive testing (1997), Chapman & Hall 2 D. Horn and W. Mayo, NDE reliability gains from combining eddy-current and ultrasonic testing, NDT&E International, 33 (2000) 351–362. 3 C.W. Davis, S. Nath, J.P. Fulton and M. Namkung, Combined investigation of eddy current and ultrasonic techniques for composite materials, Review of Progress in Quantitative Non-destructive Evaluation, 14B (1994) 1295-1301. 4 A. Sophian, R.S. Edwards, G.Y. Tian and S. Dixon, Dual-probe methods using pulsed eddy currents and electromagnetic acoustic transducers for NDT inspection, Insight, 47 (6) (2005) 341-345. 5 R.S. Edwards, A. Sophian, S. Dixon, G.Y. Tian and X. Jian, Dual EMAT and PEC non-contact probe: applications to defect testing, NDT&E International, 39 (2006) 45-52. 6 X.E. Gros, NDT Data Fusion, London: Arnold, 1997. 7 D.F. Cannon, K-O. Edel, S.L. Grassie and K. Sawley, Rail defects; an overview, Fatigue Fract. Engng. Mater. Struct, 26 (2003) 865-887; W.R. Irving, Continuous casting of steel, Institute of Materials Publishing, London, 1993. 8 R.A. Smith and G.R. Hugo, Transient eddy current NDE for ageing aircraft – capabilities and limitations, Insight, 43 (1) (2001) 14-25. 9 G.Y. Tian and A. Sophian, Defect classification using a new feature for pulsed eddy current sensors, NDT & E International, 38(1) (2005) 77-82; A. Sophian, G.Y. Tian, D. Taylor and J. Rudlin, Design of a pulsed eddy current sensor for detection of defects in aircraft lap-joints, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 101 (1-2) (2002) 92-98. 10 S. Giguere, B.A. Lepine and J.M.S. Dubois, Pulsed eddy current technology: characterizing material loss with gap and lift-off variations, Research in Non-destructive Evaluation, 13 (3) (2001) 119-129. 11 I.A. Viktorov, Rayleigh and Lamb waves, Plenum Press, 1967. 12 R.S. Edwards, S. Dixon and X. Jian, Depth gauging of defects using low frequency wideband Rayleigh waves, Ultrasonics, 44 (2006) 93–98. 13 H.M. Frost, Physical Acoustics XIV, Academic, New York, 1979, pp. 179-275. 14 S.B. Palmer and S. Dixon, Industrially viable non-contact ultrasound, Insight, 45 (3) (2003) 211-217. 15 X. Jian, S. Dixon, K.T.V. Grattan and R.S. Edwards, A model for pulsed Rayleigh wave and optimal EMAT design, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 128 (2) (2006) 296-304 16 G.Y. Tian and A. Sophian, Reduction of lift-off effects for pulsed eddy current NDT, NDT & E International, 38 (4) (2005) 319-324. 17 R.S. Edwards, S. Dixon and X. Jian, Characterisation of defects in the railhead using ultrasonic surface waves, NDT&E International, 39 (6) (2006) 468-475. 18 R.S. Edwards, X. Jian, Y. Fan and S. Dixon, Signal enhancement of the in-plane and out-of-plane Rayleigh wave components, Appl. Phys. Lett., 87 (2005) 194104. 19 G.Y. Tian, A. Sophian, D. Taylor and J. Rudlin, Multiple sensors on pulsed eddy-current detection for 3-D subsurface crack assessment, IEEE Sensors Journal, 5 (1) (2005) 90-6.
URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/30010

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