[1] E. Vermeire, J. Wens, P. Van Royen, Y. Biot, H. Hearnshaw,
A. Lindenmeyer, Interventions for improving adherence to
treatment recommendations in people with type 2 diabetes
mellitus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005,
Issue 2, Art. No.: CD003638, doi:10.1002/
14651858.CD003638.pub2.
[2] International Diabetes Federation, Triennial Report (1991–
1994) and Directory, Brussels, 1994.
[3] A. Amos, D.P.Z. McCarty, The rising global burden of
diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections
to the year 2010, Diab. Med. 14 (1997) S1–S85.
[4] H. King, R.E. Aubert, W.H. Herman, Global burden of
diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and
projections, Diab. Care 21 (9) (1998) 1414–1431.
[5] G. Roglic, N. Unwin, P.H. Bennett, C. Mathers, J. Tuomilehto,
S. Nag, et al., The burden of mortality attributable to
diabetes: realistic estimates for the year 2000, Diab. Care 28
(9) (2005) 2130–2135.
[6] American Diabetes A, Standards of medical care in
diabetes—2007, Diab. Care 30 (Suppl. 1) (2007)
S4–S41.
[7] UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, Intensive blood
glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared
with conventional treatment and risk of complications in
patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33), Lancet 352 (1998)
837–853.
[8] UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, Effect of intensive
blood glucose control with metformin on complications in
overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34),
Lancet 352 (1998) 854–865.
[9] UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, Tight blood pressure
control and risk of macro vascular and micro vascular
complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 38), BMJ 317 (1998)
703–713.
[10] UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group, Efficacy of atenolol
and captopril in reducing risk of both macro vascular and
micro vascular complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 39),
BMJ 317 (1998) 73–720.
[11] R.B. Haynes, X. Yao, A. Degani, S. Kripalani, A. Garg, H.P.
McDonald, Interventions for enhancing medication
adherence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005,
Issue 4, Art. No.: CD000011, doi:10.1002/
14651858.CD000011.pub2.
[12] E. Vermeire, H. Hearnshaw, P. Van Royen, J. Denekens,
Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research.
A comprehensive review, J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 26 (5) (2001)
331–342.
[13] M. Nagasawa, M.C. Smith, J.H.J.R. Barnes, J.E. Fincham,
Meta-analysis of correlates of diabetes patients’
compliance with prescribed medications, The Diab.
Educator 16 (3) (1990) 192–200.
[14] E. Vermeire, P. Van Royen, S. Coenen, J. Wens, J. Denekens,
The adherence of type 2 diabetes patients to their
therapeutic regimens: a qualitative study fromthe patient’s
perspective, Pract. Diab. Int. 20 (6) (2003) 209–214.
[15] H. Van Dam, F. Van der Horst, B. Van den Borne, R.
Ryckman, H. Crebolder, Provider–patient interaction in
diabetes care: effects on patient self-care and outcomes. A
systematic review, Patient Educ. Couns. 51 (2003) 17–28.
[16] S.E. Ellis, T. Speroff, R.S. Dittus, A. Brown, J.W. Pichert, T.A.
Elasy, Diabetes patient education: a meta-analysis and
meta-regression, Patient Educ. Couns. 52 (1) (2004)
91–105.
[17] S. Brown, Effects of educational interventions in
diabetes care: a meta-analysis of findings, Nurs. Res. 37
(1988) 223–230.
[18] D. Padgett, Meta-analysis of the effects of educational and
psychosocial interventions on management of diabetes
mellitus, J. Clin. Epidemiol. 41 (1988) 1007–1030.
[19] S. Brown, Meta-analysis of diabetes patient education
research: variations in intervention effects across studies,
Res. Nurs. Health 15 (1992) 409–419.
[20] D.L. Roter, J.A. Hall, R. Merisca, B. Nordstrom, D. Cretin, B.
Svarstad, Effectiveness of interventions to improve patient
compliance: a meta-analysis, Med. Care 36 (8) (1998) 1138–
1161.
[21] S.L. Norris, M.M. Engelgau, K.M. Venkat Narayan,
Effectiveness of self-management training in type 2
diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled
trials, Diab. Care 24 (3) (2001) 561–587.
[22] International Diabetes Federation, Diabetes Atlas/Diabetes
Education, second ed., IDF, Brussels, 2003, Chapter 6, p.
208.
[23] S.A. Brown, Interventions to promote diabetes selfmanagement:
state of the science, The Diab. Educator 25 (6
Suppl.) (1999) 52–61.
[24] P. Corabian, C. Harstall, Patient diabetes education in the
management of adult type 2 diabetes: Centre for Reviews
and Dissemination. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of
Effects (DARE); 2001.
[25] R.E. Glasgow, R.M. Anderson, In diabetes care, moving from
compliance to adherence is not enough. Something entirely
different is needed, Diab. Care 22 (12) (1999) 2090–2092.
[26] R.M. Anderson, M.M. Funnell, Compliance and adherence
are dysfunctional concepts in diabetes care, The Diab.
Educator 26 (4) (2000) 597–604.
[27] Olivarius NdF, H. Beck-Nielsen, A.H. Andreasen, M. Horder,
P.A. Pedersen, Randomised controlled trial of structured
personal care of type 2 diabetes mellitus, BMJ 323 (7319)
(2001) 970.
[28] J. Wens, E. Vermeire, P. Van Royen, H. Hearnshaw, A
systematic review of adherence with medications for
diabetes: response to cramer, Diab. Care 27 (9) (2004), 2284-.
[29] World Health Organisation (WHO), Adherence to long-term
therapies. Evidence for action, World Health Organisation
(WHO), Geneva, 2003, Chapter 1, Defining adherence, pp. 3–
7.
[30] L.A. Jaber, H. Halapy, M. Fernet, S. Tummalapalli, H.
Diwakaran, Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model on
diabetes management, The Ann. Pharmacother. 30 (1996)
238–243.
[31] B.P. Krier, R.D. Parker, D. Grayson, G. Byrd, Effect of diabetes
education on glucose control, J. La State Med. Soc. 151
(1999) 87–92.
[32] A. Mease, W.L. Whitlock, A. Brown, K. Moore, H. Pavliscsak,
A. Dingbaum, et al., Telemedicine improved diabetic
management, Mil. Med. 165 (8) (2000) 579–584.
[33] J.D. Piette, M. Weinberger, F.B. Kraemer, S.J. McPhee,
Impact of automated calls with nurse follow-up on diabetes
treatment outcomes in a department of veterans affairs
Health Care System, Diab. Care 24 (2) (2001) 202–208.
[34] R. Rachmani, Z. Levi, I. Slavachevski, M. Avin, M. Ravid,
Teaching patients to monitor their risk factors retards the
progression of vascular complications in high-risk patients
with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized prospective
study, Diab. Med. 19 (2002) 385–392.
[35] N. White, J. Carnahan, C.A. Nugent, T. Iwaoka, M.A.
Dodson, Management of obese patients with diabetes
mellitus: comparison of advice education with group
management, Diab. Care 9 (5) (1986) 490–496.
[36] E.A. Coast-Senior, B.A. Kroner, C.L. Kelley, L.E. Trilli,
Management of patients with type 2 diabetes by
pharmacists in primary care clinics, The Ann.
Pharmacother. 32 (1998) 636–641.
[37] Y.-D. Jiang, L.-M. Chuang, H.-P. Wu, S.-J. Shiau, C.-H. Wang,
Y.-J. Lee, et al., Assessment of the function and effect of
diabetes education programs in Taiwan, Diab. Res. Clin.
Pract. 46 (1999) 177–182.
[38] Available from: http://www.cochrane-net.org/
openlearning/HTML/mod13.htm.
[39] E. Loveman, C. Cave, C. Green, P. Royle, N. Dunn, N. Waugh,
The clinical and cost-effectiveness of patient education
models for diabetes: a systematic review and economic
evaluation, Health Technol. Assess. 7 (22) (2003) 1–202.
[40] T.L. Gary, J.M. Genkinger, E. Guallar, M. Peyrot, F.L. Brancati,
Meta-analysis of randomized educational and behavioral
interventions in type 2 diabetes, The Diab. Educator 29 (3)
(2003) 488–501.
[41] K. Schroeder, T. Fahey, S. Ebrahim, Interventions for
improving adherence to treatment in patients with high
blood pressure in ambulatory settings, Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 3, Art. No.: CD004804,
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004804.
[42] A. Schedlbauer, K. Schroeder, T.J. Peters, T. Fahey,
Interventions to improve adherence to lipid lowering
medication, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2004, Issue 4, Art. No.: CD004371, doi:10.1002/
14651858.CD004371.pub2.
[43] G. Rutten, Diabetes patient education: time for a new era,
Diab. Med. 22 (6) (2005) 671–673.
[44] M. Pladevall, L.K. Williams, L.A. Potts, G. Divine, H. Xi, J.
Elston Lafata, Clinical outcomes and adherence to
medications measured by claims data in patients with
diabetes, Diab. Care 27 (12) (2004) 2800–2805.
[45] S. Kripalani, X. Yao, R.B. Haynes, Interventions to enhance
medication adherence in chronic medical conditions: a
systematic review, Arch. Intern. Med. 167 (6) (2007) 540–549.
[46] K.C. Farmer, Methods for measuring and monitoring
medication regimen adherence in clinical trials and clinical
practice, Clin. Ther. 21 (1999) 1074–1090.
[47] M.R. DiMatteo, Variations in patients’ adherence to medical
recommendations: a quantitative review of 50 years of
research, Med. Care 42 (3) (2004) 200–209.
[48] American Association of Diabetes E, Standards for
outcomes measurement of diabetes self-management
education, The Diab. Educator 29 (5) (2003) 804–816.
[49] D.C. Klonoff, D.M. Schwartz, An economic analysis of
interventions for diabetes, Diab. Care 23 (3) (2000)
390–404.
[50] R.M. Kaplan, W.K. Davis, Evaluating the costs and benefits
of outpatient diabetes education and nutrition counseling,
Diab. Care 9 (1) (1986) 81–86.