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Identification, typing, and insecticidal activity of Xenorhabdus isolates from entomopathogenic nematodes in United Kingdom soil and characterization of the xpt toxin loci
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Sergeant, Martin J., Baxter, Laura, Jarrett, Paul, Shaw, Eve, Ousley, Margaret, Winstanley, Craig and Morgan, J. Alun W. (2006) Identification, typing, and insecticidal activity of Xenorhabdus isolates from entomopathogenic nematodes in United Kingdom soil and characterization of the xpt toxin loci. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Volume 72 (Number 9). pp. 5895-5907. doi:10.1128/AEM.00217-06
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00217-06
Abstract
Xenorhabdus strains from entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from United Kingdom soils by using the insect bait entrapment method were characterized by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, four housekeeping genes (asd, ompR, recA, and serC) and the flagellin gene (fliC). Most strains (191/197) were found to have genes with greatest similarity to those of Xenorhabdus bovienii, and the remaining six strains had genes most similar to those of Xenorhabdus nematophila. Generally, 16S rRNA sequences and the sequence types based on housekeeping genes were in agreement, with a few notable exceptions. Statistical analysis implied that recombination had occurred at the serC locus and that moderate amounts of interallele recombination had also taken place. Surprisingly, the fliC locus contained a highly variable central region, even though insects lack an adaptive immune response, which is thought to drive flagellar variation in pathogens of higher organisms. All the X. nematophila strains exhibited a consistent pattern of insecticidal activity, and all contained the insecticidal toxin genes xptA1A2B1C1, which were present on a pathogenicity island (PAI). The PAIs were similar among the X. nematophila strains, except for partial deletions of a peptide synthetase gene and the presence of insertion sequences. Comparison of the PAI locus with that of X. bovienii suggested that the PAI integrated into the genome first and then acquired the xpt genes. The independent mobility of xpt genes was further supported by the presence of xpt genes in X. bovienii strain 173 on a type 2 transposon structure and by the variable patterns of insecticidal activity in X. bovienii isolates, even among closely related strains.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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| Subjects: | T Technology > TP Chemical technology Q Science > QR Microbiology |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Biomedical Sciences > Microbiology & Infection Faculty of Science > Centre for Systems Biology Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Warwick HRI (2004-2010) Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School |
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| Journal or Publication Title: | Applied and Environmental Microbiology | ||||
| Publisher: | American Society for Microbiology | ||||
| ISSN: | 0099-2240 | ||||
| Official Date: | September 2006 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 72 | ||||
| Number: | Number 9 | ||||
| Number of Pages: | 13 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 5895-5907 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1128/AEM.00217-06 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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