Burrows 2001 {published data only}
Burrows RF, Gan ET, Gallus AS,Wallace EM, Burrows EA. A
randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial of low molecular
weight heparin as prophylaxis in preventing venous
thromboembolic events after caesarean section: a pilot study.
BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2001;
108:835–9.
Casele 2006 {published data only}
Casele H. Thrombosis prophylaxis in pregnancy. www.enh.org
(accessed 14 June 2005).
Casele H, Haney E, James A, Rosene-Montella K, Carson M. Bone
density changes in women receiving thromboprophylaxis in
pregnancy [abstract]. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
2005;193(6 Suppl):S14.
Casele H, Haney EI, James A, Rosene-Montella K, Carson M.
Bone density changes in women who receive thromboprophylaxis
in pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;
195:1109–13.
Cornette 2002 {published data only}
Cornette J, Jacquemyn Y, Vercauteren M, Buytaert P. A randomised
trial to compare the effect of pre- or postoperative nandroparin on
blood loss during elective caesarean section. Phlebology 2002;17:
67–9.
Ellison 2001 {published data only}
Ellison J, Thomson AJ, Conkie JA, McCall F, Walker ID, Greer
IA. Thromboprophylaxis following caesarean section. A
comparison of the antithrombotic properties of three low molecular
weight heparins - dalteparin, enoxaparin and tinzaparin.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2001;86:1374–8.
Ellison J, Thomson AJ, Walker ID, Greer IA. Comparisons of the
anti-factor XA activities of three commonly used low molecular
weight heparins following caesarean section. Scottish Medical
Journal 2000;45(3):94–5.
Ellison J, Thomson AJ, Walker ID, Greer IA. Thromboprophylaxis
following caesarean section: comparison of the anti-factor Xa
activities of dalteparin, enoxaparin and tinzaparin. BJOG: an
international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2000;107:823.
Gates 2004a {published data only}
Brocklehurst P, Gates S. Randomised controlled trial (PEACH) and
meta-analysis of thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular weight
heparin (enoxaparin) after caesarean section. Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology 2002;22(2 Suppl):S52.
Brocklehurst P, Thromboprophylaxis in Pregnancy Advisory Group.
Thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy trials: apple, plum and peach.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1998;105 Suppl 17:53.
Gates S, Brocklehurst P, Ayers S, Bowler U. Thromboprophylaxis
and pregnancy: two randomized controlled pilot trials that used
low molecular weight heparin. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology 2004;191:1296–303.
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit. The PEACH Study.
www.npeu.ox.ac.uk/trials/peach.html (accessed 12 January 2001).
Gates 2004b {published data only}
Brocklehurst P, Thromboprophylaxis in Pregnancy Advisory Group.
Thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy trials: apple, plum and peach.
British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1998;105 Suppl 17:53.
Gates S, Brocklehurst P, Ayers S, Bowler U. Thromboprophylaxis
and pregnancy: two randomized controlled pilot trials that used
low molecular weight heparin. American Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynecology 2004;191:1296–303.
Gates S, Brocklehurst P, Davis LJ. Antenatal thromboprophylaxis
using low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) for women at risk
of thromboembolic disease: multicentre placebo controlled
randomised trial (APPLE) and systematic review. Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2002;22(2 Suppl):S44.
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit. The APPLE Study.
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Gibson 1998 {published data only}
Gibson JL, Ekevall K, Walker I, Greer IA. Puerperal
thromboprophylaxis: comparison of the anti-Xa activity of
enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin. British Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology 1998;105:795–7.
Harenberg 1993 {published data only}
Harenberg J, Schneider D, Heilmann L, Wolf H. Lack of antifactor
Xa activity in umbilical cord vein samples after subcutaneous
administration of heparin or low molecular mass heparin in
pregnant women. Haemostasis 1993;23:314–20.
Heilmann 1991 {published data only}
Heilman L, Heitz R, Koch FU, Ose C. Perioperative thrombosis
prophylaxis at the time of caesarean section: results of a randomised
prospective comparative study with 6% hydroxyethyl starch 0.62
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1991;195:10–5.
Heilmann 2007 {published data only}
Heilmann L, Rath W, Pollow K, Bick RL. The rheological changes
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Hill 1988 {published and unpublished data}
Hill NCW, Hill JG, Sargent JM, Taylor CG, Bush PV. Effect of
low dose heparin on blood loss at caesarean section. BMJ 1988;
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Hill NCW, Hill JG, Sargent JM, Taylor CG, Bush PV. The effect of
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Howell 1983 {published data only}
Howell R, Fidler J, Letsky E, de Swiet M. The risks of antenatal
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of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1983;90:1124–8.
Krauss 1994 {published data only}
Krauss T, Rath W, Dittmer U, Kuhn W. Use of LMW heparin
(Fragmin) for the prevention of thromboembolism in obstetrics
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Perinatologie 1994;198:120–5.
Pettila 1999 {published data only}
Pettila V, Kaaja R, Leinonen P, Ekblad U, Kataja M, Ikkala E.
Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin
(dalteparin) in pregnancy. Thrombosis Research 1999;96:275–82.
Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, Hiilesmaa V, Kaaja R.
Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for
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Segal 1975 {published data only}
Segal S, Sadovsky E, Weinstein D, Polishuk WZ. Prevention of
postpartum venous thrombosis with low doses of heparin.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive
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Welti 1981 {published data only}
Welti H. Prevention of thromboembolism by physiotherapy with
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References to studies excluded from this review
Badawy 2008 {published data only}
Badawy AM, Khiary M, Sherif LS, HassanM, Ragab A, Abdelall I.
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Blomback 1998 {published data only}
Blomback M, Bremme K, Hellgren M, Lindberg H. A
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Brenner 2005 {published data only}
Brenner B, Bar J, Ellis M, Yarom I, Yohai D, Samueloff A, et
al.Effects of enoxaparin on late pregnancy complications and
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Blood 2002;100(11 Pt 1):702a.
Brenner B, Hoffman R, Carp H, Dulitsky M, Samueloff A, Yohai
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Brenner B, Hoffman R, Carp H, Dulitsky M, Samueloff A, Yohal
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Brenner B, Hoffman R, Carp H, Dulitsky M, Younis J, LIVEENOX
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Chistolini 2006 {published data only}
Chistolini A, Torelli F, Giancotti A, Pignoloni P, Muto B, Cosimo
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aspirin [abstract]. Hematology Journal 2006;91(Suppl 1):146.
De Vries 2005 {published data only}
De Vries JIP. Low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin (R)) in
pregnant women with a history of uteroplacental insufficiency and
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Dendrinos 2007 {published data only}
Dendrinos S, Kalogirou I, Makrakis E, Theodoridis T, Mahmound
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143–5.
Farquharson 2002 {published data only}
Farquharson RG, Quenby S, Greaves M. Antiphospholipid
syndrome in pregnancy: a randomized, controlled trial of
treatment. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002;100(3):408–13.
Kutteh 1996a {published data only}
Kutteh WH, Ermel LD. A clinical trial for the treatment of
antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent pregnancy loss with
lower dose heparin and aspirin. American Journal of Reproductive
Immunology 1996;35:402–7.
Kutteh 1996b {published data only}
Kutteh WH. Antiphospholipid antibody-associated recurrent
pregnancy loss: treatment with heparin and low-dose aspirin is
superior to low-dose aspirin alone. American Journal of Obstetrics
and Gynecology 1996;174(5):1584–9.
Middeldorp 2005 {published data only}
Middeldorp S. Aspirin and/or low molecular weight heparin for
women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage and/or intra-uterine fetal death. Netherlands Trial Register (http://www.trialregister.nl)
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Noble 2005 {published data only}
Noble LS, Kutteh WS, Lashey N, Franklin RD, Herrada J.
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Rai 1997 {published data only}
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Rai R, Cohen H, Dave M, Regan L. Randomised controlled trial
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Rey E, Garneau P, David M, Gauthier R, Leduc L, Michon N, et
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Stephenson 2004 {published data only}
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Thaler 2004 {published data only}
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pregnancy outcomes and uteroplacental blood flow in women with
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Tulppala M, Marttunen M, Soderstrom-Anttila V, Foudila T, Ailus
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De Veciana M, Trail P, Dattel B, Slotnick RN, Abuhamad A.
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Dittmer U, Rath W, Schrader J, Zuchner C, Scheler F, Kuhn W.
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