Kümin, Beat A. (2010) Brewing cultures in early modern towns : an introduction. Brewery History, Vol.135 . pp. 2-9.

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Abstract

Since Antiquity, fermented drinks have played an important role in European culture. In eastern and northern areas, ale - and from the close of the Middle Ages hopped beer - formed part of people's diets, provided livelihoods for rural alewives as well as urban brewers and accompanied countless forms of social exchange. These drinks came in different varieties and strengths, were consumed in large quantities (especially during feasts and rites of passage) and the potential consequences exercised secular and ecclesiastical authorities in great measure.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor D History General and Old World > D History (General)
Divisions:	Faculty of Arts > History
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Brewing industry -- History -- 16th century, Brewing industry -- History -- 17th century, Brewing industry -- History -- 18th century, Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- History
Journal or Publication Title:	Brewery History
Publisher:	Brewery History Society
Date:	2010
Volume:	Vol.135
Page Range:	pp. 2-9
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
References:	Model surveys in Unger, R.W. (2004) Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press (focusing on economic and organizational aspects) and Clark, P. (1983) The English Alehouse: A Social History 1200- 1830. Harlow: Longman (retailing and consumption). 2. Vries, J. de (1984) European Urbanization 1500-1800. London: Methuen, esp. p.36. 3. Blockmans, W. and Genet, J.-P. (eds) (1995-2000) The Origins of the Modern State in Europe. 7 vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press; Cameron, E. (1992) The European Reformation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. Crosby, A.W. (2003) The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. 30th edn, Westport: Praeger; Porter, R. (1990) The Enlightenment. Basingstoke: Palgrave. 5. Bennett, J.M. (1996) Ale, Beer and Brewsters in England: Women's Work in a Changing World 1300-1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Musgrave, P. (1999) The Early Modern European Economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave; Wrightson, K. (1981) 'Alehouses, order and reformation in rural England 1590-1660', in Yeo, S. and E. (eds), Popular Culture and Class Conflict 1590- 1914. Brighton: Harvester, pp.1-27. 6. Holt, M. (2006) 'Europe Divided: Wine, Beer, and the Reformation in Sixteenth- Century Europe', in idem (ed.), Alcohol: A Social and Cultural History. Oxford: Berg, pp.25-40. 7. Tlusty, B.A. (1998), 'Water of life, water of death: the controversy over brandy and gin in early modern Augsburg', in Central European History 31, pp.1-30; Ellis, M. (2004) The Coffee House: A Cultural History. London: Phoenix. 8. Unger, R.W. (2004) op. cit., chapter 12; an extreme case in Snow, G.E. (2002), 'Drink houses in early modern Russia', in Kümin, B. and Tlusty, B.A. (eds), The World of the Tavern: Public Houses in Early Modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, pp.191-204. 9. Porter, R. (1985) 'The drinking man's disease: The "pre-history" of alcoholism in Georgian Britain', in British Journal of Addiction 80, pp.385-96. 10. Clark, P. (1983) op. cit., p.263. 11. Bogner, J. (1971) 'Die Taferne, Mühle und Badersölde in Erdweg', in Amperland 7, pp.124-130. 12. Kümin, B. (2007) Drinking Matters: Public Houses and Social Exchange in Early Modern Central Europe. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp.29-31. 13. Munich, Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv, GR 1551/2, no. 2, part 3, folder 6. 14. Unger, R.W. (2004) op. cit., pp.218-9 (general trend); for details on the rotation system see Lindenau, K. (2008) Brauen und herrschen: Die Görlitzer Braubürger als städtische Elite in Spätmittelalter und Früher Neuzeit. Leipzig: Leipzig Universitätsverlag, esp. Part IV: 'Der Blick in dis Brauhof'. 15. Tlusty, B.A. (2001) Bacchus and Civic Order: The Culture of Drink in Early Modern Germany. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia, chapter 7: 'Drinking and Gender Identity'. 16. Range of individual figures: Unger, R.W. (2004) op. cit., pp.128-9; estimates of typical consumption e.g. in Sandgruber, R. (1982) Die Anfänge der Konsumgesellschaft: Konsumgüterverbrauch, Lebensstandard und Alltagskultur in Österreich im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Munich: Oldenbourg, pp.182-9. 17. Even at the end of the early modern period, excise records for the Swiss Republic of Bern record very modest beer sales, esp. in the countryside. In 1788, the collector of one district accounted for 166 times as much wine as beer: State Archives of Bern, B VIII 595. 18. Wrightson, K. and Levine, D. (1995) Poverty and Piety in an English Village: Terling 1525-1700. 2nd edn, Oxford: Clarendon, p.135 (brewing as a typical income source for the poor); Behringer, W. (1997) Die Spaten-Brauerei 1397-1997: Die Geschichte eines Münchner Unternehmens vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart. Munich: Piper, pp.48-57 (early professionalization). 19. Taylor, J. (1637) Drinke and welcome: or the famous historie of the most part of drinks. London; see also the contributions on 'politicised drink' in Smyth, A. (ed.) (2004) A Pleasing Sinne: Drink and Conviviality in Seventeenth-Century England. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/3364

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