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Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families : an integrated multiagency approach

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Fleming, Peter J., Blair, Peter S., Sidebotham, Peter and Hayler, Tracy. (2004) Investigating sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and childhood and caring for bereaved families : an integrated multiagency approach. BMJ, Vol.328 (No.7435). p. 331. ISSN 0959-535X

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7435.331

Abstract

The sudden unexpected death of an infant or child is one of the worst events to happen to any family. Bereaved parents expect and should receive appropriate, thorough, and sensitive investigations to identify the medical causes of such deaths. As a result, several parallel needs must be fulfilled. Firstly, the needs of the family must be recognised—including the need for information and support. Further, there is the need to identify any underlying medical causes of death that may have genetic or public health implications; the need for a thorough forensic investigation to exclude unnatural causes of death; and the need to protect siblings and subsequent children. Alongside this, families need to be protected from false or inappropriate accusations. Limitations in the present coronial system have led to delays or failures to detect deaths caused by relatives, carers, or health professionals. Several recent, highly publicised trials have highlighted the possibilities of parents facing such accusations. As a result of this the whole process of death certification has come under intense scrutiny. We review the medical, forensic, and sociological literature on the optimal investigation and care of families after the sudden death of a child. We describe the implementation in the former county of Avon of a structured multiagency approach and the potential benefits for families and professionals.

Item Type: Journal Article
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HQ The family. Marriage. Woman
R Medicine > RJ Pediatrics
Divisions: Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): Sudden death in children, Death -- Causes, Bereavement
Journal or Publication Title: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ Group
ISSN: 0959-535X
Date: 7 February 2004
Volume: Vol.328
Number: No.7435
Page Range: p. 331
Identification Number: 10.1136/bmj.328.7435.331
Status: Peer Reviewed
Access rights to Published version: Restricted or Subscription Access
References: 1 Byard RW, Cohle SD. Sudden death in infancy, childhood and adolescence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 2 Fleming PJ, Blair P, Bacon C, Berry PJ. Sudden unexpected deaths in infancy. The CESDI SUDI studies 1993-1996. London: Stationery Office, 2000. 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for death scene investigation of sudden unexplained infant deaths: recommendations of the interagency panel on sudden infant death syndrome. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep MMWR 1996;45(RR-10):1-22. 4 Bass M, Kavath RE, Glass L. Death-scene investigation in sudden infant death. N Engl J Med 1986;315:100-5. 5 American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Distinguishing sudden infant death syndrome from child abuse fatalities. Pediatrics 2001;107:437-41 6 Stanton J, Simpson A. Murder misdiagnosed as SIDS: a perpetrator’s perspective. Arch Dis Child 2001;85:454-9. 7 Dyer C. Group to review babies’ deaths. BMJ 2003;327:10. 8 Walkins SJ. Conviction by mathematical error? BMJ 2000;320:2-3. 9 Meadow R. A case of murder and the BMJ. BMJ 2002;324:41-3. 10 Dent A, Condon L, Blair P, Fleming PJ. A study of bereavement care after a sudden and unexpected death. Arch Dis Child 1996;74:522-6. 11 Morentin B, Aguilera B, Garamendi PM, Suarez-Mier MP. Sudden unexpected non-violent death between 1 & 19 years in north Spain. Arch Dis Child 2000;82:456-61. 12 Durfee M, Tilton-Durfee D. Multiagency child death review teams: experiences in the United States. Child Abuse Rev 1995:4:377-81. 13 Arnestad M, Vege A, Rognum TO. Evaluation of diagnostic tools applied in the examination of sudden unexpected deaths in infancy and early childhood. Forensic Sci Int 2002;125:262-8. 14 Rognum T, Lier L. Police investigation and SIDS: an improved system of co-operation between health personnel, forensic pathologists and the police. In: Rognum T, ed. Sudden infant death syndrome: new trends in the nineties. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1995:289-92. 15 Gilbert RE, Rudd PT, Berry PJ, Fleming PJ, Hall E,White DG, et al. Combined effect of infection and heavy wrapping on the risk of sudden infant death. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:272-7. 16 Willinger M, James S, Catz C. Defining the SIDS: deliberations of an expert panel convened by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Pediatr Pathol 1991;11:677-84. 17 Dyer C. Paediatricians did not have duty of care to patient’s mother. BMJ 2002;325:1321. 18 Working Party of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Fabricated or induced illness by carers. Report of the working party of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. London: RCPCH, 2002. 19 Department of Health. Safeguarding children in whom illness is fabricated or induced. London: DoH, 2002. 20 Mitchell E, Krous HF, Donald T, Byard RW. An analysis of the usefulness of specific stages in the pathologic investigation of sudden infant death. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2000;21:395-400. 21 Krous HF. The international standardised autopsy protocol for sudden unexpected infant death. In: Rognum T, ed. Sudden infant death syndrome: new trends in the nineties. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1995:81-98. 22 Wigglesworth JS, Keeling JW, Rushton DI, Berry PJ. Pathological investigations in cases of sudden infant death. J Clin Pathol 1987;40:1481-3. 23 Mitchell EA, Stewart AW, Scragg R, Ford RPK, Taylor BJ, Becroft DMO, et al. Ethnic differences in mortality from sudden infant death syndrome in New Zealand. BMJ 1993;306:13-6. 24 Creighton SJ. Fatal child abuse—how preventable is it? Child Abuse Rev 1995;4:318-28.
URI: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/34572

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