Aronoff, J., Barclay, A.M., & Stevenson, L.A. (1988). The recognition of threatening facial
stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 647-655.
Aronoff, J., Woike, B.A., & Hyman, L.M. (1992). Which are the stimuli in facial displays of
anger and happiness? Configurational bases of emotion recognition. Journal of
Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1050-1066.
Blagrove, E. & Watson, D.G. (2010). Visual marking and facial affect: Can an emotional face
be ignored? Emotion, 10, 147-168.
Eastwood, J. D., Smilek, D., & Merikle, P. M. (2003). Negative facial expression captures
attention and disrupts performance. Perception & Psychophysics, 65, 352-358.
Eastwood, J.D., Smilek, D., & Merikle, P.M. (2001). Differential attentional guidance by
unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion. Perception &
Psychophysics, 63, 1004-1013.
Eriksen, B.A., & Eriksen, C.W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a
target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
Fenske, M. J., & Eastwood, J. D., (2003). Modulation of focused attention by faces
expressing emotion: Evidence from flanker tasks. Emotion , 3 (4), 327–343
Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002). Attentional bias for threat: Evidence for delayed
disengagement from emotional faces. Cognition & Emotion, 16, 335-379.
Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R.J., & Dutton, K. (2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold
visual attention in subclinical anxiety. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,
130, 681-700.
Frischen, A., Eastwood, J.D., & Smilek, D. (2008). Visual search for faces with emotional
expressions. Psychological Bulletin, 134, 662-676.
Georgiou, G.A., Bleakley, C., Hayward, J., Russo, R., Dutton, K., Eltiti, S and Fox, E.
(2005). Focusing on fear: Attentional disengagement from emotional faces. Visual
Cognition, 12, 145-158.
Horstmann, G. Borgstedt, K., & Neumann, M. (2006). Flanker effects with faces may depend
on perceptual as well as emotional differences. Emotion, 6, 28-39.
Larson, C.,L., Aronoff, J., Sarinopoulos, I.C., & Zhu, D.C. (2008). Recognizing threat: A
simple geometric shape activates neural circuitry for threat detection. Journal of
Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1523-1535.
Larson, C.L., Aronoff, J., & Stearns, J.J. (2007). The shape of threat: Simple geometric forms
evoke rapid and sustained capture of attention. Emotion, 7, 526-534.
Lundqvist, D., & Öhman, A. (2005). Emotion regulates attention: The relation between facial
configurations, facial emotion, and visual attention. Visual Cognition, 12, 51-84.
Lundqvist, D., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (1999). The face of wrath: Critical features for
conveying facial threat. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 691-711.
Lundqvist, D., Esteves, F., & Öhman, A. (2004). The face of wrath: The role of features and
configurations in conveying social threat. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 161-182.
Miller, J. (1991). The flanker compatibility effect as a function of visual angle, attentional
focus, visual transients, and perceptual load: A search for boundary conditions.
Perception & Psychophysics, 49, 270-288.
Öhman, A., Lundqvist, D., & Esteves, F. (2001). The face in the crowd revisited: A threat
advantage with schematic stimuli. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 80,
381–396.
Öhman, A. (1997). As fast as the blink of an eye: Evolutionary preparedness for preattentive
processing of threat. In P. J. Lang, R. F. Simons & M. T. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and
orienting: Sensory and motivational processes (pp165-184). Mahwah, New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Öhman, A., & Mineka, S. (2001) Fears, phobias and preparedness: Towards an evolved
module of fear and fear learning. Psychological Review, 108, 483-522.
Tipples, J., Atkinson, A. P., Young, A. W. (2002). The eyebrow brown: A salient social
signal. Emotion, 2, 288-296.
Treisman, A. & Gormican, S. (1988). Feature analysis in early vision: Evidence from search
asymmetries. Psychological Review, 95, 15-48.
Treisman, A., & Souther, J. (1985). Search asymmetry: A diagnostic for preattentive
processing of separable features. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114,
285-310.
Watson, D.G., Blagrove, E. & Selwood, S. (in press). Emotional triangles: A test of emotionbased
attentional capture by simple geometric shapes. Cognition & Emotion.
Wolfe, J.M. (2001). Asymmetries in visual search: An introduction. Perception &
Psychophysics, 63, 381-389.