The Library

Detection and diversity of a putative novel heterogeneous polymorphic proline-glycine repeat (Pgr) protein in the footrot pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus

Tools

Calvo-Bado, Leo A., Green, Laura E., Medley, Graham, Ul-Hassan, Atiya, Grogono-Thomas, R., Buller, Nicky B., Kaler, Jasmeet, Russell, Claire L., Kennan, Ruth M., Rood, Julian I. and Wellington, E. M. H. (Elizabeth M. H.), 1954-. (2010) Detection and diversity of a putative novel heterogeneous polymorphic proline-glycine repeat (Pgr) protein in the footrot pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus. Veterinary Microbiology, Vol.147 (No.3-4). pp. 358-366. ISSN 0378-1135

PDF
WRAP_Medley_pgr_paper_vetmicro_vetmic-d-09-4119__revision.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download (169Kb)

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.024

Abstract

Dichelobacter nodosus, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is the essential causative agent of footrot in sheep. Currently, depending on the clinical presentation in the field, footrot is described as benign or virulent; D. nodosus strains have also been classified as benign or virulent, but this designation is not always consistent with clinical disease. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of the pgr gene, which encodes a putative proline-glycine repeat protein (Pgr). The pgr gene was present in all 100 isolates of D. nodosus that were examined and, based on sequence analysis had two variants, pgrA and pgrB. In pgrA, there were two coding tandem repeat regions, R1 and R2: different strains had variable numbers of repeats within these regions. The R1 and R2 were absent from pgrB. Both variants were present in strains from Australia, Sweden and the UK, however, only pgrB was detected in isolates from Western Australia. The pgrA gene was detected in D. nodosus from tissue samples from two flocks in the UK with virulent footrot and only pgrB from a flock with no virulent or benign footrot for >10 years. Bioinformatic analysis of the putative PgrA protein indicated that it contained a collagen-like cell surface anchor motif. These results suggest that the pgr gene may be a useful molecular marker for epidemiological studies.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH426 Genetics Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- ) > Biological Sciences ( -2010)
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Bacteroides nodosus, Footrot in sheep, Sheep -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects , Bacterial genetics, Bacterial proteins
Journal or Publication Title:	Veterinary Microbiology
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
ISSN:	0378-1135
Date:	3 July 2010
Volume:	Vol.147
Number:	No.3-4
Page Range:	pp. 358-366
Identification Number:	10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.06.024
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Australian Research Council (ARC)
Grant number:	BBE01870X1 (BBSRC)
References:	Buller N.B, Ashley P., Palmer M., Pitman D., Richards R.B., Hampson D.J., (2010). Understanding the molecular epidemiology of the footrot pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus to support control and eradication programs. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48, 877-882. Bzymek M., Lovett S.T., 2001. Instability of repetitive DNA sequences: The role of replication in multiple mechanisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 8319-8325. Cheetham B.F., Tanjung L.R., Sutherland M., Druitt J., Green G., McFarlane J., Bailey G.D., Seaman J.T., Katz M.E., 2006. Improved diagnosis of virulent ovine footrot using the intA gene. Vet. Microbiol. 116, 166-174. Claxton P.D., Ribeiro L.D., Egerton, J.R., 1983. Classification of Bacteroides nodosus by agglutination tests. Aust. Vet. J. 60, 331–334. Depiazzi L.J., Roberts W.D., Hawkins C.D., Palmer M.A., Pitman D.R., Mcquade N.C., Jelinek P.D., Devereaux D.J., Rippon R.J., 1998. Severity and persistence of footrot in Merino sheep experimentally infected with a protease thermostable strain of Dichelobacter nodosus at five sites. Aust. Vet J. 76, 32-38. Girard V., Mourez M., 2006. Adhesion mediated by autotransporters of Gram-negative bacteria: Structural and functional features. Res. Microbiol. 157, 407-416. Gravekamp C., Horensky D.S., Michel J.L., Madoff L.C., 1996. Variation in repeat number within the alpha C protein of group B streptococci alters antigenicity and protective epitopes. Infect. Immun. 64, 3576-3583. Gravekamp C., Rosner B., Madoff L.C., 1998. Deletion of Repeats in the Alpha C Protein Enhances the Pathogenicity of Group B Streptococci in Immune Mice. Infect. Immun. 66, 4347-4354. Heise T., Dersch P., 2006. Identification of a domain in Yersinia virulence factor YadA that is crucial for extracellular matrix-specific cell adhesion and uptake. PNAS 28, 3375–3380. Hindmarsh F., Fraser J., 1985. Serogroups of Bacteroides nodosus isolated from ovine footrot in Britain. Vet. Rec. 116, 187-188. Jelinek P.D., Depiazzi L.J., Galvin D.A., Spicer I.T., Palmer M.A., Pitman D.R., 2000. Occurrence of different strains of Dichelobacter nodosus in new clinical lesions in sheep exposed to footrot associated with multi-strain infections. Aust. Vet. J. 78, 273-276. Jordan P., Snyder L.A., Saunders N.J., 2003. Diversity in coding tandem repeats in related Neisseria spp. BMC Microbiol. 3, 23. Katz M.E., Howarth P.M., Yong W.Y., Riffkin G.G., Depiazzi L.J., Rood J.I., 1991. Identification of three gene regions associated with virulence in Dichelobacter nodosus, the causative agent of ovine footrot, J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 2117–2124. Kay B., Williamson M.P., Sudol M., 2000. The importance of being proline: the interaction of proline-rich motifs in signaling proteins with their cognate domains. FASEB 14, 231- 241. Kennan R.M., Dhungyel O.P., Whittington R.J., Egerton J.R., Rood J.I., 2003. Transformation-mediated serogroup conversion of Dichelobacter nodosus. Vet. Microbiol. 92, 169-78. La Fontaine S., Egerton J.R., Rood J.I., 1993. Detection of Dichelobacter nodosus using species-specific oligonucleotides as PCR primers. Vet. Microbiol. 35, 101-117. Ladefoged, S.A., 2000. Molecular dissection of Mycoplasma hominis. APMIS Suppl. 97, 1- 45. Lukomski S., Nakashima K., Abdi I., Cipriano V.J., Ireland R.M., Reid S.D., Adams G.G., Musser J.M., 2000. Identification and Characterization of the scl Gene Encoding a Group A Streptococcus Extracellular Protein Virulence Factor with Similarity to human Collagen. Infect. Immun. 68, 6542–6553. Madoff L.C., Michel J.L., Gong E.W., Kling D.E., Kasper D.L., 1996. Group B streptococci escape host immunity by deletion of tandem repeat elements of the alpha C protein. PNAS 93; 4131-4136. Moore L.J., Wassink G.J., Green L.E., Grogono-Thomas R., 2005. The detection and characterisation of Dichelobacter nodosus from cases of ovine footrot in England and Wales. Vet. Microbiol. 108, 57-67. Myers G.S., Parker D., Al-Hasani K., Kennan R.M., Seemann T., Ren Q., Badger J.H., Selengut J.D., Deboy R.T., Tettelin H., Boyce J.D., McCarl V.P., Han X., Nelson W.C., Madupu R., Mohamoud Y., Holley T., Fedorova N., Khouri H., Bottomley S.P., Whittington R.J., Adler B., Songer J.G., Rood J.I., Paulsen I.T., 2007. Genome sequence and identification of candidate vaccine s from the animal pathogen Dichelobacter nodosus. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 569-575. Nallapareddy S.R., Singh K.V., Duh R.W., Weinstock G.M., Murray B.E., 2000. Diversity of ace, a gene encoding a microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules, from different strains of Enterococcus faecalis and evidence for production of ace during human infections. Infect. Immun. 68, 5210-5217. O'Dushlaine C.T., Edwards R.J., Park S.D., Shields D.C., 2005. Tandem repeat copy-number variation in protein-coding regions of human genes. Genome Biol. 6, R69. Palmer M.A., 1993. A gelatin test to detect activity and stability of proteases produced by Dichelobacter (bacteroides) nodosus. Vet. Microbiol. 36, 113-122. Paterson G.K., Nieminen L., Jefferies J.M.C., Mitchell T.J., 2008. PclA, a pneumococcal collagen-like protein with selected strain distribution, contributes to adherence and invasion of host cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 285, 170–176. Pringle M., Bergsten C., Fernström L.L., Höök H., Johansson K.E., 2008. Isolation and characterization of Treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes from digital dermatitis lesions in Swedish dairy cattle. Acta Vet. Scand. 50, 40-48. Puopolo K.M., Hollingshead S.K., Carey V.J., Madoff L.C., 2001. Tandem repeat deletion in the alpha C protein of group B Streptococcus is recA independent. Infect. Immun. 69, 5037-5045. Rasmussen M., Edén A., Björck L., 2000. SclA, a novel collagen-like surface protein of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect. Immun. 68, 6370-6377. Romero D., Palacios R., 1997. Gene amplification and genomic plasticity in prokaryotes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 31, 91–111. Rood J.I., Howarth P.A., Haring V., Billington S.J., Yong W.K., Liu D., Palmer M.A., Pitman D.R., Links I., Stewart D.J., Vaugham J.A., 1996. Comparison of gene probe and conventional methods for the differentiation methods for the differentiation of ovine footrot isolates of Dichelobacter nodosus. Vet. Microbiol. 52, 127-141. Vanhoof G., Goossens F., Meester I.D., Hendriks D., Scharpe S., 1995. Proline motifs in peptides and their biological processing. FASEB 9, 736-744. Verstrepen K.J., Jansen A., Lewitter F., Fink G.R., 2005. Intragenic tandem repeats generate functional variability. Nat. Genet. 37, 986-990. Williamson M.P., 1994. The structure and function of proline-rich regions in proteins. Biochem. J. 297, 249-260. Zhang P., Chomel B.B., Schau M.K., Goo J.S., Droz S., Kelminson K.L., George S.S., Lerche N.W., Koehler J.E., 2004. A family of variably expressed outer-membrane proteins (Vomp) mediates adhesion and autoaggregation in Bartonella quintana. PNAS 101, 13630-13635.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/3613