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Bacterial metallothioneins: past, present, and questions for the future

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Blindauer, Claudia A.. (2011) Bacterial metallothioneins: past, present, and questions for the future. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.16 (No.7). pp. 1011-1024. ISSN 0949-8257

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0790-y

Abstract

Bacterial metallothioneins (MTs) have been known since the mid-1980s. The only family known until recently was the BmtA family, exemplified by the zinc- and cadmium-binding SmtA from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942, for which a structure was determined in 2001. Only in 2008 was a second type of bacterial MT identified in mycobacteria, and the copper-binding gene product was called MymT. Many of the features of SmtA either have been unexpected or are otherwise "unusual", for example the presence of a zinc finger fold and the kinetic inertness of one of the four zinc ions bound to the protein. The unpredictability of molecular properties of this protein exemplified the need for continued biophysical studies of novel proteins. Homologues for SmtA have been identified in a limited number of bacterial genomes from cyanobacteria, pseudomonads, alphaproteobacteria, gammaproteobacteria, and firmicutes. Except for the residues defining the zinc finger fold, these homologous protein sequences display an intriguing variety, especially in terms of metal ligand position and identity. The increased number of homologues has allowed use of hidden Markov models to look for more remote relatives of SmtA, leading to the identification of a novel family of putative hybrid LIM domain MTs. However, database searches based on sequence similarity are of limited use for mining for further "overlooked" bacterial MTs, as so far undiscovered bacterial MTs may be too diverse from any other known MTs, and other approaches are required.

Item Type:

Journal Article

Subjects:

Q Science > QD Chemistry
Q Science > QP Physiology

Divisions:

Faculty of Science > Chemistry

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):

Metallothionein, Metal ions -- Metabolism, Homeostasis

Journal or Publication Title:

JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry

Publisher:

Springer

ISSN:

0949-8257

Official Date:

2011

Dates:

Date	Event
2011	Published

Volume:

Vol.16

Number:

No.7

Page Range:

pp. 1011-1024

Identifier:

10.1007/s00775-011-0790-y

Status:

Peer Reviewed

Publication Status:

Published

Access rights to Published version:

Restricted or Subscription Access

Description:

This article is part of a JBIC special issue on metallothioneins.

Funder:

Royal Society (Great Britain), European Commission (EC), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Wellcome Trust (London, England), Leverhulme Trust (LT)

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