Links, Matthew G., Holub, E. B., Jiang, Rays H. Y., Sharpe, Andrew G., Hegedus, Dwayne, Beynon, Elena, Sillito, Dean, Clarke, Wayne E., Uzuhashi, Shihomi and Borhan, Mohammad Hossein. (2011) De novo sequence assembly of Albugo candida reveals a small genome relative to other biotrophic oomycetes. BMC Genomics, Vol.12 (No.1). Article No. 503. ISSN 1471-2164

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Abstract

Background: Albugo candida is a biotrophic oomycete that parasitizes various species of Brassicaceae, causing a disease (white blister rust) with remarkable convergence in behaviour to unrelated rusts of basidiomycete fungi. Results: A recent genome analysis of the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis suggests that a reduction in the number of genes encoding secreted pathogenicity proteins, enzymes for assimilation of inorganic nitrogen and sulphur represent a genomic signature for the evolution of obligate biotrophy. Here, we report a draft reference genome of a major crop pathogen Albugo candida (another obligate biotrophic oomycete) with an estimated genome of 45.3 Mb. This is very similar to the genome size of a necrotrophic oomycete Pythium ultimum (43 Mb) but less than half that of H. arabidopsidis (99 Mb). Sequencing of A. candida transcripts from infected host tissue and zoosporangia combined with genome-wide annotation revealed 15,824 predicted genes. Most of the predicted genes lack significant similarity with sequences from other oomycetes. Most intriguingly, A. candida appears to have a much smaller repertoire of pathogenicity-related proteins than H. arabidopsidis including genes that encode RXLR effector proteins, CRINKLER-like genes, and elicitins. Necrosis and Ethylene inducing Peptides were not detected in the genome of A. candida. Putative orthologs of tat-C, a component of the twin arginine translocase system, were identified from multiple oomycete genera along with proteins containing putative tatsecretion signal peptides. Conclusion: Albugo candida has a comparatively small genome amongst oomycetes, retains motility of sporangial inoculum, and harbours a much smaller repertoire of candidate effectors than was recently reported for H. arabidopsidis. This minimal gene repertoire could indicate a lack of expansion, rather than a reduction, in the number of genes that signify the evolution of biotrophy in oomycetes.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QR Microbiology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Albugo candida -- Genetics
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Genomics
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	1471-2164
Date:	13 October 2011
Volume:	Vol.12
Number:	No.1
Page Range:	Article No. 503
Identification Number:	10.1186/1471-2164-12-503
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, NCBI
Grant number:	56025 (NCBI)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/39130

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