Heinonen, Kati, Räikkönen, Katri, Pesonen, Anu-Katriina, Andersson, Sture, Kajantie, Eero, Eriksson, Johan G, Vartia, Timo, Wolke, Dieter and Lano, Aulikki. (2011) Trajectories of growth and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a longitudinal study. BMC Pediatrics, Vol.11 (No.10). Article No.84. ISSN 1471-2431

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Abstract

Background Empirical evidence suggests that prenatal growth is associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its symptoms. Data on the importance of postnatal growth is, however scanty. We studied whether pre- and postnatal growth up to 56 months is associated with symptoms of ADHD in children. Method A longitudinal regional birth cohort study comprising 893 children followed up to 56 months. The associations between pre- and postnatal growth and parent-rated ADHD symptoms of the child were analyzed with multiple linear regression analyses and repeated-measures analyzes of covariance. Results Children born lighter, thinner, shorter, and with a smaller head circumference, adjusted for length of gestation, received higher parent-rated ADHD symptoms scores at 56 months. Further, smaller head circumference throughout the period of growth from birth up to 56 months was related to higher ADHD symptoms scores. The associations changed only little after adjusting for several pre- and neonatal factors. The associations were not modified by sex and there were no evidence of non-linear associations. Conclusions Slower prenatal growth in weight, body-mass index, length, and head circumference may pose a risk for higher ADHD symptoms in childhood. The consistently smaller head circumference from birth up to 56 months characterizing children with higher ADHD symptoms may point to a lack of catch-up growth in head circumference in childhood as a predisposing factor.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Psychology
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Pediatrics
Publisher:	BioMed Central Ltd.
ISSN:	1471-2431
Date:	2011
Volume:	Vol.11
Number:	No.10
Page Range:	Article No.84
Identification Number:	10.1186/1471-2431-11-84
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access
Funder:	Academy of Finland, Helsinki University, European Science Foundation (ESF), Ministry of Education, Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg's Foundation, Ahokas Foundation, Yrjo Jahnsson's Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Pediatric Reseach, Federal Government of Germany Ministry of Science and Technology (BMBF)
Grant number:	JUG 14
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/39800

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