Redmann, V., Oresic, K., Tortorella, L. L., Cook, Jonathan P., Lord, Mike (J. Mike) and Tortorella, D.. (2011) Dislocation of ricin toxin A chains in human cells utilizes selective cellular factors. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol.286 (No.24). pp. 21231-21238. ISSN 0021-9258

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Abstract

Ricin is a potent A-B toxin that is transported from the cell surface to the cytosol, where it inactivates ribosomes, leading to cell death. Ricin enters cells via endocytosis, where only a minute number of ricin molecules reach the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen. Subsequently, the ricin A chain traverses the ER bilayer by a process referred to as dislocation or retrograde translocation to gain access to the cytosol. To study the molecular processes of ricin A chain dislocation, we have established, for the first time, a human cell system in which enzymatically attenuated ricin toxin A chains (RTA(E177D) and RTA(Delta 177-181)) are expressed in the cell and directed to the ER. Using this human cell-based system, we found that ricin A chains underwent a rapid dislocation event that was quite distinct from the dislocation of a canonical ER soluble misfolded protein, null Hong Kong variant of alpha(1)-antitrypsin. Remarkably, ricin A chain dislocation occurred via a membrane-integrated intermediate and utilized the ER protein SEL1L for transport across the ER bilayer to inhibit protein synthesis. The data support a model in which ricin A chain dislocation occurs via a novel strategy of utilizing the hydrophobic nature of the ER membrane and selective ER components to gain access to the cytosol.

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Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Endoplasmic reticulum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Ricin, Toxins, Golgi apparatus, Cytosol
Journal or Publication Title:	Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher:	American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
ISSN:	0021-9258
Date:	17 June 2011
Volume:	Vol.286
Number:	No.24
Page Range:	pp. 21231-21238
Identification Number:	10.1074/jbc.M111.234708
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH), United States. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), Irma T. Hirschl Trust
Grant number:	AI060905 (NIH), W81XWH-10-2-0048 (DTRA)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/40025

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