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Were the casing stones of Senefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshour cast or carved?
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MacKenzie, Kenneth J. D., Smith, Mark E., Wong, A. (Alan), Hanna, John V., Barry, B. J. (Bernard J.) and Barsoum, M. W.. (2011) Were the casing stones of Senefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshour cast or carved? Materials Letters, Vol.65 (No.2). pp. 350-352. ISSN 0167-577X
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.10.035
Abstract
A comparison was made of the solid-state 29Si, 27Al and 43Ca MAS NMR spectra of the outer casing stone from Snefru's Bent Pyramid in Dahshour, Egypt, with two quarry limestones from the area. The NMR results suggest that the casing stones consist of limestone grains from the Tura quarry, cemented with an amorphous calcium-silicate gel formed by human intervention, by the addition of extra silica, possibly diatomaceous earth, from the Fayium area.
| Item Type: | Journal Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics |
| Divisions: | Administration > Vice Chancellor's Office Faculty of Science > Physics |
| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Ceramics, Pyramids -- Egypt -- Dahshûr -- Design and construction |
| Journal or Publication Title: | Materials Letters |
| Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
| ISSN: | 0167-577X |
| Date: | 31 January 2011 |
| Volume: | Vol.65 |
| Number: | No.2 |
| Page Range: | pp. 350-352 |
| Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.10.035 |
| Status: | Peer Reviewed |
| Publication Status: | Published |
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
| Funder: | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Advantage West Midlands (AWM), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Ceramics (NSF) |
| Grant number: | AM1/2 (ERDF), DMR 0907430 (NSF) |
| References: | [1] Davidovits J. X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction of casing stones from the pyramids of Egypt, and the limestone of the associated quarries. In: David AR, editor. Science in Egyptology symposium. Manchester: Manchester University Press; 1986. p. 511–20. [2] Davidovits J, Morris M. The pyramids, an enigma solved. New York: Hippocrene; 1988. [3] Barsoum MW, Ganguly A, Hug G. Microstructural evidence for reconstituted limestone blocks in the great pyramids of Egypt. J Am Ceram Soc 2006;89: 3788–96. [4] Middleton AP, Bradley SM. Provenancing of Egyptian limestone sculpture. J Arch Sci 1989;16:475–88. [5] Jud E, Miller S, Sakulich AR, MacKenzie KJD, Barsoum MW. Pozzolanic activity of diatomaceous earth. J Am Ceram Soc 2010 (in press). [6] Miller S, Sakulich AR, Barsoum MW, Jud E. Use of diatomaceous earth as a pozzolon in the formation of an alkali activated fine-aggregate limestone concrete. J Am Ceram Soc 2010 (in press). [7] Chen JJ, Thomas JJ, Taylor HFW, Jennings HM. Solubility and structure of calcium silicate hydrate. Cem Concr Res 2004;34:1499–519. [8] Gervais C, Laurencin D, Wong A, Pourpoint F, Labram J, Woodward B, et al. New perspectives on calcium environments in inorganic materials containing calcium– oxygen bonds: a combined computational–experimental 43Ca NMR approach. Chem Phys Lett 2008;464:42–8. [9] MacKenzie KJD, Smith ME. Multinuclear solid state NMR of inorganic materials. Oxford: Pergamon-Elsevier; 2002. [10] Zanni H, Rassem-Bertolo R, Masse S, Fernendez L, Nieto P, Bresson A. A spectroscopic NMR investigation of the calcium silicate hydrates present in cement and concrete. Magn Reson Imag 1996;14:827–31. [11] Smith ME. Application of 27Al NMR techniques to structure determination in solids. Appl Magn Reson 1993;4:1–64. [12] Hassan MS, Ibrahim IA, Ismael IS. Diatomaceous deposits of Fayium, Egypt; characterization and evaluation for industrial application. Chinese J Geochem 1999;18:233–41. [13] Smith ME, van Eck ERH. Recent advances in experimental solid state NMR methodology for half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 1999;34:159–201. [14] Dupree R, Howes AP, Kohn SC. Natural abundance Ca-43 NMR. Chem Phys Lett 1997;276:399–404. [15] MacKenzie KJD, Smith ME, Wong A. A multinuclear MAS NMR study of calciumcontaining aluminosilicate inorganic polymers. J Mater Chem 2007;17:5090–6. |
| URI: | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/40139 |
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