Teixeira, Roberto F. A., McKenzie, Holly S., Boyd, Ashton A. and Bon, Stefan Antonius Franciscus. (2011) Pickering emulsion polymerization using laponite clay as stabilizer to prepare armored “soft” polymer latexes. Macromolecules, Vol.44 (No.18). pp. 7415-7422. ISSN 0024-9297

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Abstract

The fabrication of “soft” nanocomposite clay armored polymer latexes is described. Laponite clay XLS is used as stabilizer in the Pickering emulsion polymerization of a variety of monomer mixtures, that is, methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate, styrene and n-butyl acrylate, and styrene and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate. Overall solids contents of the hybrid latexes in complete absence of coagulation of up to 24 wt % are reported under batch conditions. Key mechanistic aspects of the Pickering emulsion polymerization process are discussed. The use of monomers that have high water solubility and are prone to hydrolyze under basic conditions, for example methyl methacrylate, should be restricted. The use of small amounts of methacrylic acid as auxiliary monomer promotes clay adhesion to the surface of the particles in the Pickering emulsion (co)polymerization of hydrophobic monomers. Detailed kinetic studies at both 60 and 80 °C of the Pickering emulsion copolymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate (Sty:BA = 0.67 w/w) are reported, with varying amounts of Pickering stabilizer. The Laponite clay discs play a crucial role in the particle formation (nucleation) stage of the Pickering emulsion polymerization process. Use of increasing amounts leads to smaller average particle sizes but inflicts longer nucleation periods, thereby broadening the particle size distributions. We report the occurrence of a catastrophic coagulation phenomenon for Pickering emulsion polymerizations carried out at a low initiator (ammonium persulfate) flux at 60 °C, for a small window of concentrations of Laponite clay discs.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry T Technology > TP Chemical technology
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Chemistry
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Emulsion polymerization, Clay, Stabilizing agents, Latex, Synthetic, Nanocomposites (Materials), Polymer clay -- Barrier properties
Journal or Publication Title:	Macromolecules
Publisher:	American Chemical Society
ISSN:	0024-9297
Date:	2011
Volume:	Vol.44
Number:	No.18
Page Range:	pp. 7415-7422
Identification Number:	10.1021/ma201691u
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	BASF Aktiengesellschaft
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/40397

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