Tildesley, Michael J., Volkova, Victoriya and Woolhouse, M. E. J. (Mark E. J.) (2011) Potential for epidemic take-off from the primary outbreak farm via livestock movements. BMC Veterinary Research, Vol.7 (No.1). p. 76. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-7-76 ISSN 1746-6148.

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Abstract

Background
We consider the potential for infection to spread in a farm population from the primary outbreak farm via livestock movements prior to disease detection. We analyse how this depends on the time of the year infection occurs, the species transmitting, the length of infectious period on the primary outbreak farm, location of the primary outbreak, and whether a livestock market becomes involved. We consider short infectious periods of 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks, characteristic of acute contagious livestock diseases. The analysis is based on farms in Scotland from 1 January 2003 to 31 July 2007.

Results
The proportion of primary outbreaks from which an acute contagious disease would spread via movement of livestock is generally low, but exhibits distinct annual cyclicity with peaks in May and August. The distance that livestock are moved varies similarly: at the time of the year when the potential for spread via movements is highest, the geographical spread via movements is largest. The seasonal patterns for cattle differ from those for sheep whilst there is no obvious seasonality for pigs. When spread via movements does occur, there is a high risk of infection reaching a livestock market; infection of markets can amplify disease spread. The proportion of primary outbreaks that would spread infection via livestock movements varies significantly between geographical regions.

Conclusions
In this paper we introduce a set-up for analysis of movement data that allows for a generalized assessment of the risk associated with infection spreading from a primary outbreak farm via livestock movements, applying this to Scotland, we assess how this risk depends upon the time of the year, species transmitting, location of the farm and other factors.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	S Agriculture > SF Animal culture
Divisions:	Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Research Centres > Centre for Complexity Science Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine > Science > Mathematics
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Communicable diseases in animals -- Transmission, Livestock -- Diseases -- Epidemiology
Journal or Publication Title:	BMC Veterinary Research
Publisher:	Bio Med Central
ISSN:	1746-6148
Official Date:	24 November 2011
Dates:	Date Event 24 November 2011 Published
Volume:	Vol.7
Number:	No.1
Page Range:	p. 76
DOI:	10.1186/1746-6148-7-76
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Open Access (Creative Commons)
Date of first compliant deposit:	19 December 2015
Date of first compliant Open Access:	19 December 2015
Funder:	Scotland, Wellcome Trust (London, England), United States. Dept. of Homeland Security. Science and Technology Directorate
Grant number:	ST-108-000017 (STD)

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