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The mental representation of causal conditional reasoning : mental models or causal models
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Ali, Nilufa, Chater, Nick and Oaksford, M. (Mike) (2011) The mental representation of causal conditional reasoning : mental models or causal models. Cognition, Volume 119 (Number 3). pp. 403-418. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.005 ISSN 0010-0277.
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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.005
Abstract
In this paper, two experiments are reported investigating the nature of the cognitive representations underlying causal conditional reasoning performance. The predictions of causal and logical interpretations of the conditional diverge sharply when inferences involving pairs of conditionals-such as if P(1) then Q and if P(2) then Q-are considered. From a causal perspective, the causal direction of these conditionals is critical: are the P(i) causes of 1:2; or symptoms caused by Q. The rich variety of inference patterns can naturally be modelled by Bayesian networks. A pair of causal conditionals where Q is an effect corresponds to a "collider" structure where the two causes (P(i)) converge on a common effect. In contrast, a pair of causal conditionals where Q is a cause corresponds to a network where two effects (P(i)) diverge from a common cause. Very different predictions are made by fully explicit or initial mental models interpretations. These predictions were tested in two experiments, each of which yielded data most consistent with causal model theory, rather than with mental models. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
| Item Type: | Journal Article | ||||
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| Subjects: | B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology Q Science > QA Mathematics |
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| Divisions: | Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School > Behavioural Science Faculty of Social Sciences > Warwick Business School |
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| Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH): | Causation, Psychology -- Mathematical models, Bayesian statistical decision theory, Neural networks (Computer science), Cognition | ||||
| Journal or Publication Title: | Cognition | ||||
| Publisher: | Elsevier | ||||
| ISSN: | 0010-0277 | ||||
| Official Date: | 2011 | ||||
| Dates: |
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| Volume: | Volume 119 | ||||
| Number: | Number 3 | ||||
| Page Range: | pp. 403-418 | ||||
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.005 | ||||
| Status: | Peer Reviewed | ||||
| Publication Status: | Published | ||||
| Access rights to Published version: | Restricted or Subscription Access |
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