The Library

Optical wireless for intravehicle communications : a channel viability analysis

Tools

Higgins, Matthew D., Green, Roger, 1951- and Leeson, Mark S., 1963-. (2012) Optical wireless for intravehicle communications : a channel viability analysis. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol.61 (No.1). pp. 123-129. ISSN 0018-9545

Preview

PDF
WRAP_Higgins_0971037-es-080212-vt-2011-011048-r1.pdf - Accepted Version - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Download (351Kb)

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2176764

Abstract

This paper provides an initial analysis into the viability of implementing an optical wireless system for intravehicle communications. Based on the use of a simple linearly scalable infrared light-emitting-diode transmitter, the results for received power, bandwidth, and root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread are shown at more than 3000 locations within a sports utility vehicle. Several of these locations, including the rear passenger seats, backs of the driver and front passenger seats, and the dashboard, are highlighted as having advantageous channel characteristics for the deployment of mobile communications equipment, audio-visual (AV) displays, computer consoles, or human-vehicle interface devices such as air conditioning or window controllers. Within the vehicle, received powers of up to 49 ?W with associated bandwidths ? 300 MHz and negligible RMS delay spread can be achieved at several locations. The analysis presented, as the first of its type, will provide the foundations for a larger investigation into intravehicular communications, including the optimization of transmitter-receiver configurations and the advancements of upper layer protocols that can exploit specific channel characteristics for high-end-user quality of service.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Engineering
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Wireless communication systems, Automobiles -- Technological innovations, Automobiles -- Electronic equipment
Journal or Publication Title:	IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
Publisher:	IEEE
ISSN:	0018-9545
Date:	January 2012
Volume:	Vol.61
Number:	No.1
Number of Pages:	7
Page Range:	pp. 123-129
Identification Number:	10.1109/TVT.2011.2176764
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
References:	[1] F. Bai and B. Krishnamachari, “Exploiting the wisdom of the crowd: Localized, distributed information-centric VANETs” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 138 –146, 2010. [2] K. Dar, M. Bakhouya, J. Gaber, M. Wack, and P. Lorenz, “Wireless communication technologies for ITS applications,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 156 –162, 2010. [3] D. C. O’Brien, M. Katz, P. Wang, K. Kalliojarvi, S. Arnon, M. Matsumoto, R. J. Green, and S. Jivkova, “Short range optical wireless communications,” Wireless World Research Forum, 2005. [4] R. J. Green, H. Joshi, M. D. Higgins, and M. S. Leeson, “Recent developments in indoor optical wireless systems,” IET Commun., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 3 –10, 2008. [5] R. J. Green, “Optical wireless with application in automotives,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Transparent Optical Netw. (ICTON), 2010, pp We.C3.2. [6] M. D. Higgins, R. J. Green, and M. S. Leeson, “A genetic algorithm method for optical wireless channel control,” IEEE J. Lightwave Tech., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 760 –772, 2009. [7] M. D. Higgins, R. J. Green, M. S. Leeson, and E. L. Hines, “Multi-user indoor optical wireless communication system channel control using a genetic algorithm,” IET Commun., vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 937 –944, 2011. [8] B. T. Phong, “Illumination for computer generated pictures,” Commun ACM, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 311–317, 1975. [9] S. R. Perez, R. P. Jimenez, F. J. L´opez-Hern´andez, O. B. G. Hernandez, and A. J. A. Alfonso, “Reflection model for calculation of the impulse response on IR-wireless indoor channels using ray-tracing algorithm,” Microwave. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 296–300, 2002. [10] C. R. Lomba, R. T. Valadas, and A. M. de Oliveira Duarte, “Experimental characterisation and modelling of the reflection of infrared signals on indoor surfaces,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron., vol. 145, pp. 191–197, 1998. [11] K. Dana, B. Van-Ginneken, S. Nayar, and J. Koenderink, “Reflectance and Texture of Real World Surfaces,” ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1–34, 1999. [12] M. Oren and S. Nayar, “Seeing Beyond Lambert´s Law,” in Proc. European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), vol. B, May 1994, pp. 269–280. [13] D. Salomon, Curves and Surfaces for Computer Graphics, Springer- Verlag, 2006. [14] J. R. Barry, J. M. Kahn, W. J. Krause, E. A. Lee, and D. G. Messerschmitt, “Simulation of multipath impulse response for indoor wireless optical channels,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 367– 379, 1993. [15] J. M. Kahn, W. J. Krause, and J. B. Carruthers, “Experimental characterization of non-directed indoor infrared channels,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 43, no. 234, pp. 1613 –1623, 1995. [16] BS EN60828:1994: Safety of Laser Products, Equipment Classification, Requirements and User’s Guide Std. [17] A. C. Boucouvalas, “IEC 825-1 eye safety classification of some consumer electronic products,” IEE Seminar Digests, vol. 1996, no. 32, pp. 13/1–13/6, 1996. [18] J. B. Carruthers and P. Kannan, “Iterative site-based modelling for wireless infrared channels,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 759–765, 2002. [19] A. S. Glassner, An introduction to ray tracing, London: Academic Press, 1989. [20] A. Lagae and P. Dutr, “An efficient ray-quadrilateral intersection test,” J. Graphics, GPU Game Tools, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 23–32, 2005. [21] M. R. Pakravan and M. Kavehrad, “Indoor wireless infrared channel characterization by measurements,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1053–1073, 2001. [22] “IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks–part 15.7: Short-range wireless optical communication using visible light,” IEEE Std 802.15.7-2011, pp. 1 –309, June 2011.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/41917