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Potential for eradication of the exotic plant pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum during composting

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Noble, Ralph, Blackburn, J., Thorp, G., Dobrovin-Pennington, Andreja, Pietravalle, S., Kerins, G., Allnutt, T. R. and Henry, C. M.. (2011) Potential for eradication of the exotic plant pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum during composting. Plant Pathology, Vol.60 (No.6). pp. 1077-1085. ISSN 0032-0862

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Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02476.x

Abstract

Temperature and exposure time effects on Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum viability were examined in flasks of compost and in a large-scale composting system containing plant waste. Cellophane, rhododendron leaf and peat-based inoculum of P. kernoviae and P. ramorum isolates were used in flasks; naturally infected leaves were inserted into a large-scale system. Exposures of 5 and 10 days respectively at a mean temperature of 35 degrees C in flask and large-scale composts reduced P. kernoviae and P. ramorum inocula to below detection limits using semi-selective culturing. Although P. ramorum was undetectable after a 1-day exposure of inoculum to compost at 40 degrees C in flasks, it survived on leaves exposed to a mean temperature of 40.9 degrees C for 5 days in a large-scale composting system. No survival of P. ramorum was detected after exposure of infected leaves for 5 days to a mean temperature of >= 41.9 degrees C (32.8 degrees C for P. kernoviae) or for 10 days at >= 31.8 degrees C (25.9 degrees C for Phytophthora pseudosyringae on infected bilberry stems) in large-scale systems. Fitted survival probabilities of P. ramorum on infected leaves exposed in a large-scale system for 5 days at 45 degrees C or for 10 days at 35 degrees C were <3%, for an average initial infection level of leaves of 59.2%. RNA quantification to measure viability was shown to be unreliable in environments that favour RNA preservation: high levels of ITS1 RNA were recovered from P. kernoviae- and P. ramorum-infected leaves exposed to composting plant wastes at >53 degrees C, when all culture results were negative.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QK Botany
Divisions:	Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Phytophthora -- Control, Phytophthora ramorum -- Control, Compost
Journal or Publication Title:	Plant Pathology
Publisher:	Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN:	0032-0862
Date:	2011
Volume:	Vol.60
Number:	No.6
Page Range:	pp. 1077-1085
Identification Number:	10.1111/j.1365-3059.2011.02476.x
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	Great Britain. Dept. for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
Grant number:	PH0402 (DEFRA)
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URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/41956