Orera, A., Baikie, T., Panchmatia, P., White, T. J., Hanna, John V., Smith, Mark E., Islam, M. S., Kendrick, E. and Slater, P. R.. (2010) Strategies for the optimisation of the oxide ion conductivities of apatite-type germanates. Fuel Cells, Vol.11 (No.1). pp. 10-16. ISSN 1615-6846

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Abstract

Recently, apatite-type germanates La(9.33+) xGe(6)O(26+ 3x/2) have attracted considerable interest due to their high oxide ion conductivities. Research has shown that the key defects are oxide ion interstitials which lead to the conversion of some of the GeO(4) units to GeO(5). Consequently there has been a large interest in the preparation of high oxygen excess samples with high defect concentration. This strategy, however, leads to a reduction in symmetry from hexagonal to triclinic for x > 0.4, and consequently to reduced oxide ion conductivity at low temperatures. We present doping strategies to stabilise the hexagonal lattice, while maintaining high oxygen content. In particular, partial substitution of La by smaller rare earths (Y, Yb) is shown to be successful in preparing x = 0.67 samples with hexagonal symmetry and hence high conductivities. In addition, doping on the Ge site with Ti, Nb or W, has been shown to be similarly successful, leading to very high oxygen contents for W doping, e. g. La(10)Ge(5.5)W(0.5)O(27.5). In the case of Ti doping, however, there was some evidence for trapping of the interstitial oxide ions around the Ti. Preliminary results on the effect of similar doping strategies on Pr, Nd germanates (Pr/Nd)(9.33+x)Ge(6)O(26+3x/2), are also discussed.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	Q Science > QC Physics
Divisions:	Administration > Vice Chancellor's Office Faculty of Science > Physics
Journal or Publication Title:	Fuel Cells
Publisher:	Wiley - V C H Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
ISSN:	1615-6846
Date:	February 2010
Volume:	Vol.11
Number:	No.1
Page Range:	pp. 10-16
Identification Number:	10.1002/fuce.201000020
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/42027

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