The Library

Characterization of isolates that cause black rot of crucifers in East Africa

Tools

Mulema, Joseph M. K., Vicente, Joana G., Pink, David, Jackson, Alison C., Chacha, Duncan O., Wasilwa, L. A. (Lusike A.), Kinyua, Zakary M., Karanja, Daniel K., Holub, E. B. and Hand, Paul. (2012) Characterization of isolates that cause black rot of crucifers in East Africa. European Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol.133 (No.2). pp. 427-438. ISSN 0929-1873

Preview

Text
WRAP_Vicente_MULEMA_JMK_EPJJ2393_EPJJ2393R1_REVISED Complete.pdf - Accepted Version
Download (656Kb) | Preview

Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-011-9916-x

Abstract

A study was conducted in the East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda in the months of July and August 2009 with the objectives of assessing the status of black rot and race structure of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in the three countries. Samples infected with black rot were collected from farmers’ fields mainly from Brassica oleracea crops (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower and kales). A total of 399 farms were surveyed of which 260 were from Kenya, 91 from Tanzania and 48 from Uganda. Following successful isolations, a total of 249 isolates of the causal agent, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were recovered. Pathogenicity of all isolates was confirmed on B. oleracea susceptible cultivars Copenhagen Market F1 and Wirosa F1. Sixty of the 250 isolates were race-typed using a differential set Brassica spp. Only two races, 1 (Kenya and Tanzania) and 4 (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) were observed however, another race (5) was observed from one isolate recovered from a B. rapa sample obtained from Tanzania in 2003. Genomic fingerprinting with repetitive-PCR revealed clusters that did not depict significant correlations between isolates and geographical location, isolates and host adaptation or isolates and race. However, it did demonstrate existence of genetic differences within the East African X. campestris pv. campestris population indicating that it is not a similar clonal population of the same genetic background.

Item Type:

Journal Article

Subjects:

S Agriculture > SB Plant culture

Divisions:

Faculty of Science > Life Sciences (2010- )

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):

Black rot -- Africa, East, Black rot -- Pathogenesis, Xanthomonas campestris -- Africa, East, Xanthomonas campestris -- Genetics, Cole crops -- Diseases and pests

Journal or Publication Title:

European Journal of Plant Pathology

Publisher:

Springer Verlag

ISSN:

0929-1873

Official Date:

June 2012

Dates:

Date	Event
June 2012	Published

Volume:

Vol.133

Number:

No.2

Page Range:

pp. 427-438

Identification Number:

10.1007/s10658-011-9916-x

Status:

Peer Reviewed

Publication Status:

Published

Access rights to Published version:

Restricted or Subscription Access

Funder:

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Great Britain) (BBSRC), Great Britain. Dept. for International Development

Grant number:

BB/F004338/1 (BBSRC)

References:

Cook, A. A., Larson, R. H. & Walker, J. C. (1952). Studies on the disease cycle of black rot of crucifers. Phytopathology, 42, 162-167.
Fargier, E. & Manceau, C. (2007). Pathogenicity assays restrict the species Xanthomonas campestris into three pathovars and reveal nine races within X. campestris pv. campestris. Plant Pathol., 56, 805-818.
Flor, H. H. (1971). Current status of the gene-for-gene concept. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 9, 275-296.
Flor, H. H. & Comstock, V. E. (1972). Identification of rust-conditioning genes in flax cultivars. Crop Sci., 12, 800-804.
Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T. & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 9.
Jensen, B. D., Massomo, S. M. S., Swai, I. S., Hockenhull, J. & Andersen, S. B. (2005). Field evaluation for resistance to black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 113, 297-308.
Jensen, B. D., Vicente, J. G., Manandhar, H. K. & Roberts, S. J. (2010). Occurence and diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in vegetable Brassica fields in Nepal. Plant Dis., 94, 298-305.
Kamoun, S., Kamdar, H. V., Tola, E. & Kado, C. I. (1992). Incompatible interactions between crucifers and Xanthomonas campestris involve a vascular hypersensitive response: Role of the hrpX locus. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact., 5, 22-23.
King, E. O., Ward, M. K. & Raney, D. R. (1954). Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. Transl Res., 44, 301-307.
Kogan, S. C., Doherty, M. & Gitschier, J. (1987). An improved method for prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases by analysis of amplified DNA sequences. Application to hemophilia A. N. Engl. J. Med., 317, 985-990.
Lelliot, R. A. & Stead, D. E. (1987) Methods for the diagnosis of bacterial diseases of plants. Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom
Lupski, J. R. & Weinstock, G. M. (1992). Short, interspersed repetitive DNA sequences in prokaryotic genomes. J. Bacteriol., 174
Massomo, S. M. S., Mabagala, R. B., Swai, I. S., Hockenhull, J. & Mortensen, C. N. (2004). Evaluation of varietal resistance in cabbage against the black rot pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Tanzania. Crop Prot., 23, 315-325.
Massomo, S. M. S., Nielsen, H., Mabagala, R. B., Mansfield-Giese, K., Hockenhull, J. & Mortensen, C. N. (2003). Identification and characterisation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris strains from Tanzania by pathogenicity tests, biolog, rep-PCR and fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 109, 775-789.
Mgonja, A. P. & Swai, I. (2000) Importance of diseases and insect pests of vegetables in Tanzania and limitations in adopting the control methods. In M. L. Chadha, A. P. Mgonja, R. Nono-Womdim, I. Swai, eds, Proceedings of the Second National Vegetable Research and Development Planning Workshop, held on 25-26 June1998. AVRDC-ARP, Arusha,Tanzania, HORTI- Tengeru, Arusha, Tanzania, pp 28–34.
Mwasha, A. M. (2000) Status of Vegetable production in Tanzania. In M. L. Chandha, A. P. Mgonja, R. Nono-Womdim, I. S. Swai, eds, Proceedings of the Second National Vegetable Research and Development Planning Workshop, AVRDC-ARP, Arusha, Tanzania, pp 22-27
Roberts, S. J., Hiltunen, L. H., Hunter, P. J. & Brough, J. (1999). Transmission from seed to seedling and secondary spread of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Brassica transplants: effects of dose and watering regime. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 105, 879-889.
Schaad, N. W. & Dianese, J. C. (1981). Cruciferous weeds as sources of inoculum of Xanthomonas campestris in Black rot of crucifers. Phytopathology, 71, 1215-1220.
Schaad, N. W., Sitterly, W. R. & Humaydan, H. (1980). Relationship of incidence of seedborne Xanthomonas campestris to black rot of crucifers. Plant Dis., 64, 91-92.
Shakya, D. D., Louws, F. J. & Alvarez, A. M. (2000). Diversity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) populations in Nepal. Phytopathology, 90, S71.
Smibert, R. M. & Krieg, N. R. (1994) Phenotypic characterization. In P. Gerhardt, R. G. Murray, W. A. Wood, N. R. Krieg, eds, Methods for general and molecular bacteriology, Vol 607-654. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC
Soengas, P., Hand, P., Vicente, J. G., Pole, J. M. & Pink, D. A. (2007). Identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Brassica rapa. Theor. Appl. Genet., 114, 637-645.
Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2007). MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) Software Version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol., 8, 1596-1599.
Taylor, J. D., Conway, J., Roberts, S. J., Astley, D. & Vicente, J. G. (2002). Sources and Origin of Resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Brassica Genomes. Phytopathology, 92, 105-111.
Versalovic, J., Koueth, T. & Lupski, J. R. (1991). Distribtion of repetitive DNA sequences in eubacteria and application to fingerprinting of baceterial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res., 19, 6823-6831.
Versalovic, J., Schneider, M., de Bruijn, F. J. & Lupski, J. R. (1994). Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Methods Mol. Cell Biol., 5, 24-40.
Vicente, J. G., Conway, J., Roberts, S. J. & Taylor, J. D. (2001). Identification and origin of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races and related pathovars. Phytopathology, 91, 492-499.
Vicente, J. G., Everett, B. & Roberts, S. J. (2006). Identification of isolates that cause a leaf spot disease of Brassicas as Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani and pathogenic and genetic comparison with related pathovars. Phytopathology, 96, 735-745.
Vicente, J. G. & Roberts, S. J. (2007). Discrimination of Pseudomonas syringae isolates from sweet and wild cherry using rep-PCR. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 117, 383-392.
Wambani, H., Nyambati, E. M., Kamidi, M. & Mulati, J. (2007) Participatory evaluation of cabbage varieties as a source of food and income for smallholder farmers in north western Kenya. In The 8th African Crop Science Society 2007 Conference “Crop research, technology dissemination and adoption to increase food supply, reducing hunger and poverty in Africa”, Vol 3. African Crop Science Society, Minia University, El Minia, Egypt, pp 355-357