Clar, C., Barnard, Katharine D., Cummins, E. (Ewen), Royle, Pamela and Waugh, Norman. (2010) Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes : systematic review. Health Technology Assessment, Vol.14 (No.12). pp. 1-140. ISSN 1366-5278

Preview	Text WRAP_Royle_Self_monitoring_blood.pdf - Published Version Download (1118Kb) | Preview
Preview	Text (Coversheet) WRAP_Royle_Self_monitoring_blood_coversheet.pdf - Supplemental Material Download (50Kb) | Preview

Abstract

The evidence suggested that SMBG is of limited clinical effectiveness in improving glycaemic control in people with T2DM on oral agents, or diet alone, and is therefore unlikely to be cost-effective. SMBG may lead to improved glycaemic control only in the context of appropriate education - both for patients and health-care professionals - on how to respond to the data, in terms of lifestyle and treatment adjustment. Also, SMBG may be more effective if patients are able to self-adjust drug treatment. Further research is required on the type of education and feedback that are most helpful, characteristics of patients benefiting most from SMBG, optimal timing and frequency of SMBG, and the circumstances under which SMBG causes anxiety and/or depression.

Item Type:	Journal Article
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine
Divisions:	Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Warwick Evidence Faculty of Medicine > Warwick Medical School > Health Sciences
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):	Non-insulin-dependent diabetes, Patient self-monitoring
Journal or Publication Title:	Health Technology Assessment
Publisher:	National Coordinating Centre for Health Technology Assessment
ISSN:	1366-5278
Date:	March 2010
Volume:	Vol.14
Number:	No.12
Page Range:	pp. 1-140
Identification Number:	10.3310/hta14120
Status:	Peer Reviewed
Publication Status:	Published
Access rights to Published version:	Restricted or Subscription Access
Funder:	NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (Great Britain)
References:	1. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Type 2 diabetes: the management of type 2 diabetes (update). 2008. URL: http:// guidance.nice.org.uk/CG66 2. British Medical Association and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British National Formulary 57. URL: www.bnf.org/bnf/bnf/ current/104945.htm 2009 (accessed 21 July 2009). 3. McAndrew L, Schneider SH, Burns E, Leventhal H. Does patient blood glucose monitoring improve diabetes control? A systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Educ 2007;33:991–1011. 4. Yorkshire and Humber Public Health Observatory. URL: www.yhpho.org.uk/ (accessed August 2009). 5. The Health and Social Care Information Centre PSUatYaHPHO. Prescribing for diabetes in England. An analysis of volume, expenditure and trends. URL: www. yhpho.org.uk/resource/item.aspx?RID=9711 2009 (accessed 21 July 2009). 6. Chapman RH, Benner JS, Petrilla AA, Tierce JC, Collins SR, Battleman DS, et al. Predictors of adherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1147–52. 7. Lawton J, Peel E, Douglas M, Parry O. ‘Urine testing is a waste of time’: newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes patients’ perceptions of self-monitoring. Diabet Med 2004;21:1045–8. 8. Lawton J. Patients’ perceptions and experiences of taking oral glucose-lowering agents: a longitudinal qualitative study. Diabet Med 2008;25:491–5. 9. Song M, Lipman TH. Concept analysis: selfmonitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Nurs Stud 2008;45:1700–10. 10. Farmer A, Wade A, Goyder E, Yudkin P, French D, Craven A, et al. Impact of self monitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with non-insulin treated diabetes: open parallel group randomised trial. BMJ 2007;335:132. 11. Farmer AJ, Wade AN, French DP, Simon J, Yudkin P, Gray A, et al. Blood glucose self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Health Technology Assessment 2009;13(15). 12. Simon J, Gray A, Clarke P, Wade A, Neil A, Farmer A, et al. Cost-effectiveness of self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: economic evaluation of data from the DiGEM trial. BMJ 2008;336:1177–80. 13. O’Kane MJ, Bunting B, Copeland M, Coates VE, ESMON study group. Efficacy of self monitoring of blood glucose in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (ESMON study): randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2008;336:1174–7. 14. Karter AJ, Parker MM, Moffet HH, Spence MM, Chan J, Ettner SL, et al. Longitudinal study of new and prevalent use of self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1757–63. 15. Martin S, Schneider B, Heinemann L, Lodwig V, Kurth HJ, Kolb H, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes and long-term outcome: an epidemiological cohort study. Diabetologia 2006;49:271–8. 16. Wen L, Parchman ML, Linn WD, Lee S. Association between self-monitoring of blood glucose and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2004;61:2401–5. 17. Davis TME, Van-Minnen K, Bruce DG, Davis WA. The relationship between self-monitoring of blood glucose results and glycosylated haemoglobin in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 2007;50:1003. 18. Davis WA, Bruce DG, Davis TM. Is self-monitoring of blood glucose appropriate for all type 2 diabetic patients? The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1764–70. 19. Davis WA, Bruce DG, Davis TM. Does selfmonitoring of blood glucose improve outcome in type 2 diabetes? The Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetologia 2007;50:510–5. 20. Moreland EC, Volkening LK, Lawlor MT, Chalmers KA, Anderson BJ, Laffel LM. Use of a blood glucose monitoring manual to enhance monitoring adherence in adults with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2006;166:689–95. 21. Siebolds M, Gaedeke O, Schwedes U, SMBG Study Group. Self-monitoring of blood glucose-- psychological aspects relevant to changes in HbA1c in type 2 diabetic patients treated with diet or diet plus oral antidiabetic medication. Patient Educ Couns 2006;62:104–10. 22. Palmer AJ, Dinneen S, Gavin JR, III, Gray A, Herman WH, Karter AJ. Cost-utility analysis in a UK setting of self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:861–72. 23. Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet 1999;354:1896–900. 24. Coster S, Gulliford MC, Seed PT, Powrie JK, Swaminathan R. Monitoring blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess 2000;4(12). 25. Brunner GA, Ellmerer M, Sendlhofer G, Wutte A, Trajanoski Z, Schaupp L, et al. Validation of home blood glucose meters with respect to clinical and analytical approaches. Diabetes Care 1998;21:585–90. 26. Williams CD, Scobie IN, Till S, Crane R, Lowy C, Sonksen PH. Use of memory meters to measure reliability of self blood glucose monitoring. Diabet Med 1988;5:459–62. 27. Arabadjief D, Nichols JH. Assessing glucose meter accuracy. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:2167–74. 28. AHRQ. Applicability of the evidence regarding intensive glycemic control and self-monitored blood glucose to Medicare patients with type 2 diabetes. Rockvill, MD: AHRQ; 2007. 29. Coster S, Gulliford MC, Seed PT, Powrie JK, Swaminathan R. Self-monitoring in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2000;17: 755–61. 30. Faas A, Schellevis FG, Van Eijk JT. The efficacy of self-monitoring of blood glucose in NIDDM subjects. A criteria-based literature review. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1482–6. 31. Jansen JP. Self-monitoring of glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Bayesian meta-analysis of direct and indirect comparisons. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:671–81. 32. McGeoch G, Derry S, Moore RA. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type-2 diabetes: what is the evidence? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2007;23:423–40. 33. Poolsup N, Suksomboon N, Jiamsathit W. Systematic review of the benefits of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Technol Ther 2008;10(Suppl. 1): S51–66. 34. Sarol JN, Nicodemus NA, Jr, Tan KM, Grava MB. Self-monitoring of blood glucose as part of a multicomponent therapy among non-insulin requiring type 2 diabetes patients: a meta-analysis (1966– 2004). Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:173–84. 35. Towfigh A, Romanova M, Weinreb JE, Munjas B, Suttorp MJ, Zhou A, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not taking insulin: a meta-analysis. Am J Manag Care 2008;14:468–75. 36. Welschen LM, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1510–7. 37. Welschen LM, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Stalman WA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;CD005060. 38. St John A, Davis WA, Price CP, Davis TM. The value of self-monitoring of blood glucose: a review of recent evidence. J Diabetes Complications 2009; in press. 39. Sarol JN, Nicodemus NA, Tan KM, Flores JVPG. Self-monitoring of blood glucose as part of a multi-component treatment strategy in noninsulin requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2004;53:A73. 40. Allen BT, DeLong ER, Feussner JR. Impact of glucose self-monitoring on non-insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Randomized controlled trial comparing blood and urine testing. Diabetes Care 1990;13:1044–50. 41. Barnett AH, Krentz AJ, Strojek K, Sieradzki J, Azizi F, Embong M, et al. The efficacy of selfmonitoring of blood glucose in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a gliclazide modified release-based regimen. A multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, 6-month evaluation (DINAMIC 1 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 2008;10:1239–47. 42. Bonomo K, De Salve A, Pignatelli S, Fiora E, Mularoni E, Cavalot F, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not on insulin treatment: waist of money or tool to reach the glyeaemic targets? Diabetologia 2006;49:0815. 43. Brown SA, Garcia AA, Kouzekanani K, Hanis CL. Culturally competent diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County border health initiative. Diabetes Care 2002;25: 259–68. 44. Cho JH, Chang SA, Kwon HS, Choi YH, Ko SH, Moon SD, et al. Long-term effect of the Internetbased glucose monitoring system on HbA1c reduction and glucose stability: a 30-month followup study for diabetes management with a ubiquitous medical care system. Diabetes Care 2006;29:2625–31. 45. Davidson MB, Castellanos M, Kain D, Duran P. The effect of self monitoring of blood glucose concentrations on glycated hemoglobin levels in diabetic patients not taking insulin: a blinded, randomized trial. Am J Med 2005;118:422–5. 46. Estey AL, Tan MH, Mann K. Follow-up intervention: its effect on compliance behavior to a diabetes regimen. Diabetes Educ 1990;16:291–5. 47. Fontbonne A, Billault B, Acosta M, Percheron C, Varenne P, Besse A, et al. Is glucose self-monitoring beneficial in non-insulin-treated diabetic patients? Results of a randomized comparative trial. Diabete Metab 1989;15:255–60. 48. Gallichan MJ. Self-monitoring by patients receiving oral hypoglycemic agents: a survey and a comparative trial. Pract Diabetes 1994;11:28–30. 49. Guerci B, Drouin P, Grange V, Bougneres P, Fontaine P, Kerlan V, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly improves metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Auto- Surveillance Intervention Active (ASIA) study. Diabetes Metab 2003;29:587–94. 50. Jaber LA, Halapy H, Fernet M, Tummalapalli S, Diwakaran H. Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model on diabetes management. Ann Pharmacother 1996;30:238–43. 51. Johnson JA, Majumdar SR, Bowker SL, Toth EL, Edwards A. Self-monitoring in Type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial of reimbursement policy. Diabet Med 2006;23:1247–51. 52. Jones H, Edwards L, Vallis TM, Ruggiero L, Rossi SR, Rossi JS, et al. Changes in diabetes self-care behaviors make a difference in glycemic control: the Diabetes Stages of Change (DiSC) study. Diabetes Care 2003;26:732–7. 53. Joy S, Rodgers P, Elmore L, Calvert S. Assessment of therapeutic interventions and degree of glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using preprandial versus postprandial self blood glucose monitoring in a primary care setting. Diabetes 2003;52:A96–7. 54. Kibriya MG, Ali L, Banik NG, Khan AK. Home monitoring of blood glucose (HMBG) in Type-2 diabetes mellitus in a developing country. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999;46:253–7. 55. Kwon HS, Cho JH, Kim HS, Song BR, Ko SH, Lee JM, et al. Establishment of blood glucose monitoring system using the internet. Diabetes Care 2004;27:478–83. 56. Miles P, Everett J, Murphy J, Kerr D. Comparison of blood or urine testing by patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes: patient survey after randomised crossover trial. BMJ 1997;315:348–9. 57. Muchmore DB, Springer J, Miller M. Selfmonitoring of blood glucose in overweight type 2 diabetic patients. Acta Diabetol 1994;31:215–19. 58. Rutten G, van EJ, de NE, Beek M, van der Helden H. Feasibility and effects of a diabetes type II protocol with blood glucose self-monitoring in general practice. Fam Pract 1990;7:273–8. 59. Scherbaum WA, Ohmann C, Abholz HH, Lankisch M. Evaluating the optimal frequency of selfmonitoring blood glucose in type 2 diabetes at glycaemic target: a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial. Diabetes 2007;56:A24. 60. Scherbaum WA, Ohmann C, Abholz HH, Dragano N, Lankisch M. Effect of the frequency of selfmonitoring blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral antidiabetic drugs-a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2008;3:e3087. 61. Schwedes U, Siebolds M, Mertes G. Meal-related structured self-monitoring of blood glucose: effect on diabetes control in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1928–32. 62. Seaton TL. Benefit of self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with NIDDM receiving oral sulfonylureas [abstract]. Pharmacotherapy 1996;16:498. 63. Wing RR, Epstein LH, Nowalk MP, Scott N, Koeske R, Hagg S. Does self-monitoring of blood glucose levels improve dietary compliance for obese patients with type II diabetes? Am J Med 1986;81:830–6. 64. Bajkowska-Fiedziukiewicz A, Cypryk K, Kozdraj T, Mikolajczyk-Swatko A, Kosinski M, Jozefowska M. Self-monitoring of blood glucose and treatment outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 2008;118:267–72. 65. Banister NA, Jastrow ST, Hodges V, Loop R, Gillham MB. Diabetes self-management training program in a community clinic improves patient outcomes at modest cost. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:807–10. 66. Blonde L, Ginsberg BH, Horn S. Frequency of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:245–55. 67. Capelson R, Principe A, Trey G, Hayes M, Suhl E, Ayres D, et al. Does increased home monitoring of blood glucose (HMBG) improve glycemic control in patients over 75? Diabetes 2006;55:A453. 68. Chan WB, Chan JC, Chow CC, Yeung VT, So WY, Li JK, et al. Glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: the impact of body weight, beta-cell function and patient education. QJM 2000;93:183–90. 69. Evans JM, Newton RW, Ruta DA, MacDonald TM, Stevenson RJ, Morris AD. Frequency of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycaemic control: observational study with diabetes database. BMJ 1999;319:83–6. 70. Franciosi M, Pellegrini F, De Berardis G, Belfiglio M, Cavaliere D, Di Nardo B, et al. The impact of blood glucose self-monitoring on metabolic control and quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients: an urgent need for better educational strategies. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1870–7. 71. Franciosi M, Pellegrini F, De Berardis G, Belfiglio M, Di Nardo B, Greenfield S, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin-treated diabetic patients: a longitudinal evaluation of its impact on metabolic control. Diabet Med 2005;22:900–6. 72. Hanninen J, Takala J, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S. Good continuity of care may improve quality of life in Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;51:21–7. 73. Harris MI, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Frequency of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001;24:979–82. 74. Jaworska J, Dziemidok P, Kulik TB, Rudnicka- Drozak E. Frequency of self-monitoring and its effect on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med 2004;59:310–16. 75. Karter AJ, Ackerson LM, Darbinian JA, D’Agostino RB, Jr, Ferrara A, Liu J, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels and glycemic control: the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes registry. Am J Med 2001;111:1–9. 76. Karter AJ, Moffet HH, Liu J, Parker MM, Ahmed AT, Ferrara A, et al. Achieving good glycemic control: initiation of new antihyperglycemic therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry. Am J Manag Care 2005;11:262–70. 77. Klein CE, Oboler SK, Prochazka A, Oboler S, Frank M, Glugla M, et al. Home blood glucose monitoring: effectiveness in a general population of patients who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Gen Intern Med 1993;8:597–601. 78. Martin S, Kolb H, Schneider B, Heinemann L, Weber C, Kocher S, et al. Myocardial infarction and stroke in early years after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: risk factors and relation to self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Technol Ther 2009;11: 234–41. 79. Meier JL, Swislocki AL, Lopez JR, Noth RH, Bartlebaugh P, Siegel D. Reduction in selfmonitoring of blood glucose in persons with type 2 diabetes results in cost savings and no change in glycemic control. Am J Manag Care 2002;8:557–65. 80. Mitchell CG, Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Toth EL, Johnson JA. Lack of correlation between patientreported outcomes and glycemic control in type 2 diabetes not managed by insulin. Can J Diabetes 2004;28:362–8. 81. Murata GH, Shah JH, Hoffman RM, Wendel CS, Adam KD, Solvas PA, et al. Intensified blood glucose monitoring improves glycemic control in stable, insulin-treated veterans with type 2 diabetes: the Diabetes Outcomes in Veterans Study (DOVES). Diabetes Care 2003;26:1759–63. 82. Murata GH, Duckworth WC, Shah JH, Wendel CS, Mohler MJ, Hoffman RM. Blood glucose monitoring is associated with better glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a database study. J Gen Int Med 2009;24:48–52. 83. Newman WP, Laqua D, Engelbrecht D. Impact of glucose self-monitoring on glycohemoglobin values in a veteran population. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:107–10. 84. Oki JC, Flora DL, Isley WL. Frequency and impact of SMBG on glycemic control in patients with NIDDM in an urban teaching hospital clinic. Diabetes Educ 1997;23:419–24. 85. Ozmen B, Boyvada S. The relationship between self-monitoring of blood glucose control and glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Complications 2003;17:128–34. 86. Patrick AW, Gill GV, MacFarlane IA, Cullen A, Power E, Wallymahmed M. Home glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes: is it a waste of time? Diabet Med 1994;11:62–5. 87. Rindone JP, Austin M, Luchesi J. Effect of home blood glucose monitoring on the management of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the primary care setting. American J Manag Care 1997;3:1335–8. 88. Roblin DW, Barizlay JI. Self-monitoring of blood glucose: Variation in frequency of monitoring and its association with glycemic control. Diabetes 2001;50:A2. 89. Rost KM, Flavin KS, Schmidt LE, McGill JB. Selfcare predictors of metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care 1990;13:1111–3. 90. Schiel R, Muller UA, Rauchfub J, Sprott H, Muller R. Blood-glucose self-monitoring in insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus a cross-sectional study with an intervention group. Diabetes Metab 1999;25: 334–40. 91. Schütt M, Kern W, Krause U, Busch P, Dapp A, Grziwotz R, et al. Is the frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose related to long-term metabolic control? Multicenter analysis including 24,500 patients from 191 centers in Germany and Austria. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006;114:384–8. 92. Secnik K, Yurgin N, Lage MJ, Donald-Everett C. Patterns of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK. J Diabetes Complications 2007;21:181–6. 93. Soumerai SB, Mah C, Zhang F, Adams A, Barton M, Fajtova V, et al. Effects of health maintenance organization coverage of self-monitoring devices on diabetes self-care and glycemic control. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:645–52. 94. Stiptzarov N, Zhang Q, Pogach L. Increased utilization of self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is associated with decreased A1c levels. Diabetes 2003;52:A270. 95. Tengblad A, Grodzinsky E, Lindstrom K, Molstad S, Borgquist L, Ostgren CJ. Self-monitoring of blood glucose and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Scand J Prim Health Care 2007;25:140–6. 96. Wieland LD, Vigil JM, Hoffman RM, Janis LW. Relationship between home glucose testing and hemoglobin Alc in type II diabetes patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:1062–5. 97. Worth R, Home PD, Johnston DG, Anderson J, Ashworth L, Burrin JM, et al. Intensive attention improves glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetes without further advantage from home blood glucose monitoring: results of a controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:1233–40. 98. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Guideline on self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes. October 2008. URL: www. idf.org/idf-guideline-self-monitoring-blood-glucosenon- insulin-treated-type-2-diabetes (accessed 5 December 2009). 99. Schneider B, Martin S, Heinemann L, Lodwig V, Kolb H. Interrelations between diabetes therapy, self-monitoring of blood glucose, blood glucose and non-fatal or fatal endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes/results of a longitudinal cohort study (ROSSO 5). Arzneimittelforschung 2007;57:762–9. 100. Belsey JD, Pittard JB, Rao S, Urdahl H, Jameson K, Dixon T. Self blood glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes. A financial impact analysis based on UK primary care. Int J Clin Pract 2009;63:439–48. 101. Peel E, Parry O, Douglas M, Lawton J. Blood glucose self-monitoring in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. Br J Gen Pract 2004;54:183–8. 102. Peel E, Douglas M, Lawton J. Self monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: longitudinal qualitative study of patients’ perspectives. BMJ 2007;335:493. 103. Zgibor JC, Simmons DS. Barriers to self glucose monitoring in a multi-ethnic community. Diabetes 2001;50:A500–1. 104. Stewart D, McCaig D, Davie A, Juroszek L, Blackwood L, Findlay N, et al. Glucose selfmonitoring in primary care: a survey of current practice. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:273–7. 105. National Prescribing Centre. When and how should patients with diabetes mellitus test blood glucose? URL: www.npc.co.uk/ebt/merec/cardio/diabetes1/resources/ merec_bulletin_vol13_no1.pdf 2002 (accessed 21 July 2009). 106. O’Kane MJ, Pickup J. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes: is it worth it? Ann Clin Biochem 2009;46:273–82. 107. Funnell M, Anderson RM. Empowerment and selfmanagement of diabetes. Clin Diabetes 2004;22:123. 108. Curtis L, Netten A. Unit costs of health and social care 2006. Personal Social Services Research Unit 2006. URL: www.pssru.ac.uk/pdf/uc/uc2006/uc2006.pdf (accessed August 2009). 109. Weber C, Schneider B, Lodwig V, Holm MV, Neeser K. Cost impact of blood glucose self-monitoring on complications of type 2 diabetes: a Swiss perspective (ROSSO study No.11). Swiss Med Wkly 2007;137:545–50. 110. Tiley S. Home blood glucose monitoring – What cost? Pract Diabetes Int 2002;19:S1–4. 111. Neeser K, Weber C, Wenzel H, Schneider B. Costs of self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) regarding morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes in a reality of care setting (The ROSSO study No. 6). Diabetologia 2006;49:0225. 112. Clarke PM, Gray AM, Briggs A, Farmer AJ, Fenn P, Stevens RJ, et al. A model to estimate the lifetime health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model (UKPDS no. 68). Diabetologia 2004;47:1747–59. 113. Department of Health. NHS reference costs 2005–06. URL: www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/ Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/ DH_062884 (accessed August 2009). 114. National Health Service. Annual financial returns of NHS trusts 2003–2004. Leeds: NHS Executive; 2005. 115. Netten A, Curtis L. Unit costs of health and social care 2002. URL: www.pssru.ac.uk/UC2002.htm (accessed August 2009). 116. Tunis SL, Minshall ME. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: cost-effectiveness in the united states. Am Journal Manag Care 2008;14: 131–40. 117. Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, Minshall ME, Foos V, Lurati FM, et al. The CORE Diabetes Model: projecting long-term clinical outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions in diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) to support clinical and reimbursement decision-making. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:5–26. 118. Aspinall SL, Glassman PA. Cost-effectiveness of blood glucose monitoring is controversial. Am J Manag Care 2008;14:398–9. 119. Tunis SL. Cost-effectiveness of changing selfmonitoring of blood glucose frequency. Diabetes 2009;58:A505. 120. Mataveli F, Turatti L, Pimazoni Netto A. Short-term economic benefits of self monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) in type 2 diabetes for health maintenance organisations (HMOs). Diabetologia 2008;51:1096. 121. Erny-Albrecht KM, Tunis SL, Minshall ME, Valentine W, Foos V, Palmer AJ. Frequency of selfmonitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a cost-effectiveness modeling study in the US setting. Diabetes 2007;56:A308–9. 122. Weber C, Neeser K, Schneider B, Heinemann L, Lodwig V, Scherbaum WA. Cost-effectiveness of self measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) in function of the testing frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2007;56:A317. 123. Weber C, Erny-Albrecht K, Neeser K. Cost effectiveness of SMBG for the treatment of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2006;49:0895. 124. Neeser K, Erny-Albrecht K, Weber C. Costeffectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin [comment]. [Erratum appears in Diabetes Care 2006;29:959.] Diabetes Care 2006;29:480–1. 125. Davidson MB. Cost-effectiveness of self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin: Response to Neeser et al. Diabetes Care 2006;29:480–1. 126. Kempf K, Neukirchen W, Martin S, Kolb H. Selfmonitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes: a new look at published trials. Diabetologia 2008;51:686–8. 127. Davidson MB. Counterpoint: Self-monitoring of blood glucose in type 2 diabetic patients not receiving insulin: a waste of money. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1531–3. 128. Joslin Diabetes Center. Blood sugar monitoring owner’s manual. URL: www.joslin.org/ (accessed August 2009). 129. Daly JM, Hartz AJ, Xu Y, Levy BT, James PA, Merchant ML, et al. An assessment of attitudes, behaviors, and outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Board Fam Med 2009;22:280–90. 130. Wagner J, Malchoff C, Abbott G. Invasiveness as a barrier to self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2005;7:612–9. 131. Weijman I, Ros WJ, Rutten GE, Schaufeli WB, Schabracq MJ, Winnubst JA. The role of workrelated and personal factors in diabetes selfmanagement. Patient Educ Couns 2005;59:87–96. 132. IQWiG (Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care). Urine and blood glucose self-measurement in diabetes mellitus type 2. December 2009. URL: www. iqwig.de/index.559.en.html (accessed 21 October 2009). 133. Aas AM, Bergstad I, Thorsby PM, Johannesen O, Solberg M, Birkeland KI. An intensified lifestyle intervention programme may be superior to insulin treatment in poorly controlled Type 2 diabetic patients on oral hypoglycaemic agents: results of a feasibility study. Diabet Med 2005;22:316–22. 134. Farmer AJ, Heneghan C, Barnett AH, Davidson MB, Guerci B, O’Kane M, et al. Individual patient data meta-analysis of trials of self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a systematic review. Prim Care Diabetes 2009;3:117–21. 135. Malanda UL, Bot SDM, Kostense PJ, Snoek FJ, Dekker JM, Nijpels G. Effects of self-monitoring of glucose in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes: design of the IN CONTROL-trial. BMC Fam Pract 2009;10. 136. Heller S. Does self monitoring of blood glucose as opposed to urinalysis provide additional benefit to newly diagnosed individuals with Type 2 diabetes receiving structured education? URL: http://public.ukcrn.org.uk/Search/ StudyDetail.aspx?StudyID=3773 (accessed 13 August 2009). 137. Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft. Blood Glucose Self Monitoring and HbA1c Effects on Glucose Control. May 2008. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0 0688363?term=NCT00688363&rank=1 (accessed 13 August 2009) 138. Hoffmann-La Roche. Intensive Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Management Added Value in Non-Insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. January 2009. URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00643 474?term=NCT00643474&rank=1 (accessed 13 August 2009). 139. Medical Research Foundation, Langerhans Foundation. Effect of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Not Using Insulin. April 2008. URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ show/NCT00287807 (accessed 13 August 2009). 140. International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet Institute, LifeScan. Impact of self-monitoring blood glucose frequency on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. 2009. URL: www.parknicollet.com/ diabetes/ (accessed 13 August 2009). 141. Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised trials and nonrandomised studies of health care interventions. J Epid Community Health 1998;52:377–84. 142. Franciosi M, De Berardis G, Cavaliere I, Valentini M, Nicolucci A. The impact of blood glucose selfmonitoring on quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2001;50:A391.
URI:	http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/id/eprint/44123

Request changes to a record

Actions (login required)

View Item